异丙醇
- 中文名称：
- 异丙醇
- 中文别名：
- 异丙醇;
二甲基甲醇;
2-丙醇;
2-羟基丙烷
- 英文名称：
- Isopropanol
- 英文别名：
- propan-2-ol;
2-propanol;
i-propyl alcohol;
Isopropanol;
isopropyl alcohol;
iso-Propyl alcohol;
PriOH;
iso-propanol
- CAS No.：
- 67-63-0
- 分 子 式：
-
C3H8O
- 分 子 量：
- 60.09
- 精确分子量：
- 60.05750
- PSA：
- 20.23000
- MDL：
- MFCD00011674
- EINECS：
- 200-661-7
- BRN：
- 635639
- InChI：
- InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H33
- 危险品标志：
-
Xi
F
Xn
Xi
F
Xn- 分子结构式：
-
- SDS：
- 查看
异丙醇 制备方法及用途
制备方法
-
异丙醇是重要的化工产品和原料。主要用于制药、化妆品、塑料、香料、涂料等。
合成制备方法
1.间接水合法：将含丙稀50%以上的原料气通入吸收塔，在50℃和低压下用75%-85%的浓硫酸进行吸收反应，生成硫酸氢异丙酯。加水将吸收液稀释到硫酸含量为35%后，在解吸塔中用低压蒸汽将硫酸氢异丙酯水解成异丙醇。经粗蒸塔馏到异丙醇与水的共沸组成，含异丙醇87%左右。再继续用蒸馏塔蒸浓到95%，用苯萃取、分离水后再蒸馏，可得含异丙醇99%以上的成品。
该法特点是对丙烯的纯度要求不高，而且丙烯转化率可达50%-60%，可减少精制费用。但耗用硫酸量大，而且存在设备腐蚀和40%的废硫酸的浓问题。
2.直接水合法：将丙烯和水分别加压到1.96MPa，并预热到200℃,混合后加入反应器,进行水合反应.反应器内装有磷酸硅藻土催化剂,反应温度为95℃,压力为0.96MPa，水与丙烯的摩尔比为0.7：1，丙烯的单程转化率为5.2%，选择性为99%。反应气体经中和换热后送到高压冷却器和高压分离器，气相中的异丙醇在回收塔中用脱离子水喷淋回收，末反应的气体经循环压缩机加压后循环使用（保持循环系统中丙烯含量85%）。液相为低浓度异丙醇（15%-17%），经粗蒸塔蒸馏得85%-87%的异丙醇水溶液，再经蒸馏塔蒸浓到95%，然后用苯萃取提浓到99%以上。
与丙烯硫酸水合法相比，本法不用硫酸，不存在腐蚀设备问题，工艺流程简单；但丙烯单程转化率低，丙烯循环量太大，而且要求原料丙烯纯度达99.5%。为了克服丙烯直接水合法的缺点，以95%的丙烯为原料，反应温度240-270℃，反应压力14.7-19.6MPa，水与丙烯的摩尔为水过量。丙烯转化率为60%-70%，异丙醇选择性为99%，异丙烯精馏制后纯度可达99.9%以上，副产物为二异丙醚。此外，采用分子筛催化丙烯水合制异丙醇也是非常有前途的改进工艺方法。
3.将含丙烯50%以上的原料气，在50℃和低压下用75%～85%的浓硫酸进行吸收反应，生成硫酸氢异丙酯。再将硫酸氢异丙酯水解成异丙醇。经粗蒸用蒸馏塔蒸浓到95%，再用苯萃取、分离水后再蒸馏，可得含异丙醇99%以上的成品。或者将丙烯和水分别加压到1.96MPa，并预热到200℃，混合后加入反应器，进行水合反应。反应气体经中和换热后送到高压冷却器和高压分离器，气相中的异丙醇在回收塔中用脱离子水喷淋回收，经粗蒸塔蒸馏得85%～87%的异丙醇水溶液，再经蒸馏塔蒸浓到95%，然后用苯萃取得99%以上的异丙醇。
4.以工业品异丙醇为原料，在每升原料中加入200g新鲜的氧化钙，进行回流，数小时后蒸馏，以除去大部分水，然后在所收集的馏出液中加入氢化钙、氧化钡、钙、无水硫酸铜或5A分子筛，充分振后，静置48h，分出固体干燥剂后蒸馏，即可得纯品。
5.以95%的丙烯和过量水为原料，在钨系催化剂（如硅酸钨）存在下，于240～270℃，14.7～19.6MPa条件下进行反应：
所得异丙醇，精制后纯度可达99.9%以上。
6.先将过量的丙烯和水分别加压至2MPa ，预热至200℃。然后混合，送入反应器反应，催化剂为磷酸硅藻土。控制反应温度195℃，压力维持2MPa，反应结束后，气体先经中和然后进行高压冷却冷凝并气液分离，未反应气体，可循环使用。所得液体为浓度较低的粗异丙醇。经二次蒸馏浓度达95%，然后用苯萃取提浓可达99%以上。
用途简介
用途
1.作为有机原料和溶剂有着广泛用途。作为化工原料，可生产丙酮、过氧化氢、甲基异丁基酮、二异丁基酮、异丙胺、异丙醚、异丙醇醚、异丙基氯化物，以及脂肪酸异丙酯和氯代脂肪酸异丙酯等。在精细化工方面，可用于生产硝酸异丙酯，黄原酸异丙酯、亚磷酸三异丙酯、三异丙醇铝以及医药和农药等。作为溶剂，可用于生产涂料、油墨、萃取剂、气溶胶剂等。还可用作防冻剂、清洁剂、调和汽油的添加剂、颜料生产的分散剂、印染工业的固定剂、玻璃和透明塑料的防雾剂等。用作胶黏剂的稀释剂，还用于防冻剂、脱水剂等。
2.测定钡、钙、铜、镁、镍、钾、钠、锶、亚硝酸、钴等的试剂。色谱分析标准物。作为化工原料，可生产丙酮、过氧化氢、甲基异丁基酮、二异丁基酮、异丙胺、异丙醚、异丙醇醚、异丙基氯化物，以及脂肪酸异丙酯和氯代脂肪酸异丙酯等。在精细化工方面，可用于生产硝酸异丙酯，黄原酸异丙酯、亚磷酸三异丙酯、三异丙醇铝以及医药和农药等。作为溶剂，可用于生产涂料、油墨、萃取剂、气溶胶剂等。还可用作防冻剂、清洁剂、调和汽油的添加剂、颜料生产的分散剂、印染工业的固定剂、玻璃和透明塑料的防雾剂等。
3.用作油井水基压裂液的消泡剂，空气形成爆炸性混合物，遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇火源引着回燃。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。
4.异丙醇作为清洗去油剂，MOS级主要用于分立器件及中、大规模集成电路，BV-Ⅲ级主要用于超大规模集成电路工艺。
5.用于电子工业，可用作清洗去油剂。
6.用作胶黏剂的稀释剂，棉籽油的萃取剂，硝基纤维素、橡胶、涂料、虫胶、生物碱、油脂等的溶剂。还用于防冻剂、脱水剂、防腐剂、防雾剂、医药、农药、香料、化妆品及有机合成等。
7.是工业上比较便宜的溶剂,用途广,能和水自由混合,对亲油性物质的溶解力比乙醇强。
8.是重要的化工产品和原料。主要用于制药、化妆品、塑料、香料、涂料等。[29]
异丙醇 物化性质
- 外观与性状：
- 无色液体
- 密度：
- 0.785 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- 熔点：
- -89.5 °C
- 沸点：
- 82 °C(lit.)
- 闪点：
- 53 °F
- 水溶解性：
- miscible
- 折射率：
- n20/D 1.377(lit.)
- 蒸汽密度：
- 2.1 (vs air)
- 存储条件/存储方法：
- 库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放
- 稳定性相关：
1.类似乙醇的气味。 与水、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿混溶。能熔解生物碱、橡胶等多种有机物和某些无机物。常温下可引火燃烧，其蒸汽与空气混合易形成爆炸混合物。
2.本品低毒，操作人员应穿戴防护用具。异丙醇容易产生过氧化物，使用前有时需作鉴定。方法是：取0.5mL异丙醇，加入1mL10%碘化钾溶液和0.5mL 1：5的稀盐酸及几滴淀粉溶液，振摇1分钟，若显蓝色或蓝黑色即证明有过氧化物。
3.易燃低毒物质。蒸气的毒性为乙醇的二倍，内服时的毒性则相反。高浓度蒸气具有明显麻醉作用，对眼、呼吸道的黏膜有刺激作用，能损伤视网膜及视神经。大鼠经口LD505.47g/kg。空气中最高容许浓度980mg/m3。操作人员应戴防毒面具。浓度高时应戴气密式防护眼镜。密闭设备及管路；实行局部或全面通风。
4.属微毒类。生理作用和乙醇相似，毒性、麻醉性以及对上呼吸道黏膜的刺激都比乙醇强，但不及丙醇。在体内几乎无蓄积，杀菌能力比乙醇强2倍。嗅觉阈浓度1.1mg/m3。工作场所最高容许浓度为1020mg/m3。
5.稳定性[25] 稳定
6.禁配物[26] 强氧化剂、酸类、酸酐、卤素
7.聚合危害[27] 不聚合
- 其它信息：
1.性状：无色透明液体，有似乙醇和丙酮混合物的气味。[1]
2.熔点（℃）：-88.5[2]
3.沸点（℃）：82.5[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：0.79[4]
5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：2.1[5]
6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：4.40（20℃）[6]
7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-1995.5[7]
8.临界温度（℃）：235[8]
9.临界压力（MPa）：4.76[9]
10.辛醇/水分配系数：0.05[10]
11.闪点（℃）：11（CC）[11]
12.引燃温度（℃）：456[12]
13.爆炸上限（%）：12.7[13]
14.爆炸下限（%）：2.0[14]
15.溶解性：溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、苯、氯仿等多数有机溶剂。[15]
16.黏度（mPa·s,20ºC）：2.431
17.蒸发热（KJ/mol,b.p.）：40.06
18.熔化热（KJ/kg）：88.26
19.生成热（KJ/mol）：2005.1
20.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),20ºC,定压）：2.55
21.电导率（S/m）：35.1×10-7
22.热导率（W/(m·K),20ºC）：15.49
23.体膨胀系数（K-1,20ºC）：0.00107
24.相对密度（20℃，4℃）：0.7855
25.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：0.7813
26.常温折射率（n25）：1.3752
27.临界密度（g·cm-3）：0.271
28.临界体积（cm3·mol-1）：222
29.临界压缩因子：0.250
30.偏心因子：0.669
31.Lennard-Jones参数（A）：15.20
32.Lennard-Jones参数（K）：135.4
33.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5：23.575
34.van der Waals面积（cm2·mol-1）：6.270×109
35.van der Waals体积（cm3·mol-1）：42.160
36.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1)：2051.42
37.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) ：-272.42
38.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) ：309.20
39.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1)：-173.6
40.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1)：89.32
41.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1)：-2005.98
42.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1)：-317.86
43.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) ：180.58
44.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1)：-180.29
45.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1)：154.4
异丙醇 安全信息
- 包装等级：
- II
- 风险类别：
- 3
- 海关代码：
- 2905122000
- WGK_Germany：
- 1
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单 - 危险类别码：
- 11-36-67-40-10-36/38
- 安全说明：
- S7-S16-S24/25-S26-S36/37
- RTECS号：
- NT8050000
- 安全标志：
- S7:保持容器紧密封闭。
S16:远离火源。
S26:万一接触眼睛，立即使用大量清水冲洗并送医诊治。
S24/25:防止皮肤和眼睛接触。
: - 危险标志：
- F:Flammable
异丙醇 毒理性
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- NT8050000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Isopropyl alcohol
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 67-63-0
- BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
- 0635639
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 90
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C3-H8-O
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 60.11
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- QY1&1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration into the eye
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration into the eye
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration into the eye
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 14432 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 223 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Cardiac - pulse rate Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5272 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3570 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - infant
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 13 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - irritability Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2770 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - infant
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1375 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5045 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 16000 ppm/8H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2735 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1088 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3600 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 12800 ppm/3H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4477 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1509 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1537 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1024 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6 mL/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1963 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6410 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 12800 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 667 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1184 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2560 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - hamster
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3444 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Parenteral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Amphibian - frog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 20 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 7 mL/kg/7D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Biochemical - Effect on specific coenzyme - B vitamins including folate
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8000 ppm/8H/20W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/90D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2500 ppm/6H/2Y-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 10000 ppm/6H/11D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia Liver - changes in liver weight
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/78W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 11340 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 45 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 5040 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-20 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 8 gm/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-15 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 32400 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 26 week(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 3500 gm/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- multigeneration
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 3500 ppm/7H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-19 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 10000 ppm/7H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-19 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 7000 ppm/7H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-19 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 6240 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-18 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
MUTATION DATA
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - rat
- REFERENCE :
- GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(7),33,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 1230 mg/m3 (500 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 983 mg/m3 (400 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,223,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,229,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,229,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,428,1938 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,141,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (1225 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 400 ppm (985 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (1230 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 200 ppm (490 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:STEL 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 400 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 150 ppm (350 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3);STEL 800 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL-air:10H TWA 400 ppm;STEL 500 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 40987 No. of Facilities: 213605 (estimated) No. of Industries: 465 No. of Occupations: 252 No. of Employees: 3183554 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 40987 No. of Facilities: 183402 (estimated) No. of Industries: 449 No. of Occupations: 278 No. of Employees: 4665524 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2058264 (estimated)
- 毒理学数据：
1.急性毒性[16]
LD50：5000mg/kg（大鼠经口）；3600mg/kg（小鼠经口）；6410mg/kg（兔经口）；
12800mg/kg（兔经皮）
2.刺激性[17]
家兔经皮：500mg，轻度刺激。
家兔经眼：100mg（24h），中度刺激。
3.亚急性与慢性毒性[18] 大鼠吸入0.27ppm，每天24h，连续3个月，未见异常；1.0ppm，每天24h，3个月，肾和肝功能出现异常；8.4ppm，每天24h，3个月，肾和肝严重损伤。
4.致突变性[19] 细胞遗传学分析：酿酒酵母菌200mmol/管
5.致畸性[20] 大鼠孕后1~19d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）7000ppm（7h），致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。
6.其他[21] LDLo：人3570mg/kg；TDLo：人223mg/kg
- 生态数据：
1.生态毒性[22]
LC50：750~1650mg/L（96h）（圆腹褐虾）；11130mg/L（48h）（黑头呆鱼，静态）
2.生物降解性[23]
好氧生物降解（h）：24~168
厌氧生物降解（h）：96~672
3.非生物降解性[24]
水中光氧化半衰期（h）：4726~1.90×105
空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：6.2~72
异丙醇 MSDS
| 国标编号: | 32064 |
| ＣＡＳ: | 67-63-0 |
| 中文名称: | 2-丙醇 |
| 英文名称: | 2-propanol；isopropyl alcohol |
| 别 名: | 异丙醇 |
| 分子式: | C3H8O；(CH3)2CHOH |
| 分子量: | 60.10 |
| 熔 点: | -88.5℃ 沸点：80.3℃ |
| 密 度: | 相对密度(水=1)0.79； |
| 蒸汽压: | 12℃ |
| 溶解性: | 溶于水、醇醚、苯、氯仿等多数有机溶剂 |
| 稳定性: | 稳定 |
| 外观与性状: | 无色透明液体，有似乙醇和丙酮混合物的气味 |
| 危险标记: | 7(易燃液体) |
| 用 途: | 是重要的化工产品和原料。主要用于制药、化妆品、塑料、香料、涂料等 |
2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害：接触高浓度蒸气出现头痛、倦睡、共济失调以及眼、鼻、喉刺激症状。口服可致恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、倦睡、昏迷甚至死亡。长期皮肤接触可致皮肤干燥、皲裂。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性：属微毒类。
急性毒性：LD505045mg/kg(大鼠经口)；12800mg/kg(兔经皮)；人吸入980mg/m3×3～5分钟，眼鼻粘膜轻度刺激；人经口22.5ml头晕、面红，吸入2～3小时后头痛、恶心。
亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠吸入1.0ppm×24小时/日×3个月，肝、肾功能异常；大鼠吸入8.4ppm×24小时/日×3个月，肝、肾严重损害。
致突变性：细胞遗传学分析：制酒酵母菌200mmol/管。
致癌性：小鼠吸入3000ppm×3～7小时/日×5日/周×5～8月肿瘤发病率增高。
危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂接触会猛烈反应。在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。
3.现场应急监测方法:
气体检测管法
4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编
5.环境标准:
| 前苏联 | 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 | 10mg/m3 |
| 前苏联(1975) | 居民区大气中有害物最大允许浓度 | 0.6mg/m3(最大值、昼夜均值) |
| 前苏联(1975) | 水体中有害物质最高允许浓度 | 0.25mg/L |
| 嗅觉阈浓度 | 1.1mg/m3 |
6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内。回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面罩(半面罩)。
眼睛防护：一般不需要特殊防护，高浓度接触时可戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护：穿防静电工作服。
手防护：戴乳胶手套。
其它：工作现场严禁吸烟。保持良好的卫生习惯。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。
眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即 进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：洗胃。就医。
灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。
异丙醇 分子结构与计算化学数据
分子结构数据
1、摩尔折射率：17.44
2、摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：75.9
3、等张比容（90.2K）：165.6
4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：22.6
5、极化率（10-24cm3）：6.91
计算化学数据
1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:0.3
2.氢键供体数量:1
3.氢键受体数量:1
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积20.2
7.重原子数量:4
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:10.8
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:1
