Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)
Skin and Appendages - sweating
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma
Cardiac - other changes
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
71 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Cardiac - change in rate
Endocrine - changes in luteinizing hormone
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
2 mg/kg/1D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - coma
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
40 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - coma
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
3 mg/kg/32H-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - photosensitivity (after systemic exposure)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - ataxia
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
35 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Cardiac - other changes
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
40 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
5357 ug/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
Behavioral - changes in REM sleep (human)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
8 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - excitement
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
79 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
9300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
188 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
51600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
195 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - wakefulness
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
21 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - parasympatholytic
Behavioral - wakefulness
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
107 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined,
spasmolytic)
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
385 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - anticonvulsant
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
455 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3600 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5760 mg/kg/22W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
75 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
600 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 60 day(s) pre-mating
female 60 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., #
alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
378 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
165 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14 day(s) pre-mating
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., #
alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
210 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 21 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 18-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
130 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraplacental
DOSE :
80 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
390 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
55 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
255 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
MUTATION DATA
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
188 mg/kg/5D (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
IMSCE2 IRCS Medical Science. (Lancaster, UK) V.12-14, 1984-86. For
publisher information, see MSCREJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,1129,1986
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH
45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,690,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate
Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1(1),93,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for
Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For
publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADVPA3 Advances in Pharmacology. (New York, NY) V.1-6, 1962-68. For
publisher information, see AVPCAQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,263,1966
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub
lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,403,1969
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X4727
No. of Facilities: 7 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 1
No. of Occupations: 1
No. of Employees: 103 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 52 (estimated)