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基本信息

制备方法及用途

物化性质

安全信息

毒理性

MSDS

海关数据

结构与计算化学

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乐果

中文名称：: 乐果

中文别名：: 乐果;
磷乙酰甲胺;
O,O-二甲基S(N-甲基氨基甲酰甲基)二硫代磷酸酯;
O,O-二甲基-S-(甲基氨基甲酰甲基)二硫代磷酸酯

英文名称：: dimethoate

英文别名：: dimethoate;
O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate;
L 395;
ROGOR;
CYGON;
CHAMP;
oms94;
O,O-Dimethyl S-methylcarbomoylmethyl phosphorodithioate;
BI 58;
Tara;
Dimethoate;
phosphamide;
Lurgo;
O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] phosphorodithioate;
FIP;
2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio-N-methylacetamide;
Aadimethoal

CAS No.：: 60-51-5

分子式：: C₅H₁₂NO₃PS₂

分子量：: 229.25

精确分子量：: 229.00000

PSA：: 114.76000

MDL：: MFCD00053676

EINECS：: 200-480-3

BRN：: 1785339

InChI：: InChI=1/C5H12NO3PS2/c1-6-5(7)4-12-10(11,8-2)9-3/h4H2,1-3H3,(H,6,7)3

危险品标志：: XnTF

风险术语：: R21/22;R63;R43;R36/37/38;R23/24/25;R45;S2;S36/37;S24/25;S23;S53;S26;

分子结构式：

SDS：: 查看

乐果制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.工业上生产乐果的方法主要有氯乙酰甲胺法、后胺解法。后一种方法是在氯乙酰甲胺法之后发展起来的,此法副反应少,产品纯度可达90%以上,粗品收率90%左右。 2.O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸(简称甲基硫化物)的制备通常采用P2S5与CH3OH作用,甲醉适当过量,反应温度55-60 ℃,为强放热反应,操作时要特别注意安全。反应过程较复杂,同时发生一系列副反应。O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸的收率和含量75 %-80 %采用适当催化剂,在(55士2)℃反应,收率和含量可达90℃左右。 3.O,O一二甲基一5-(乙酸甲酷)二硫代磷酸酷的制备O,O一二甲基一S(乙酸甲酷)二硫代磷酸酷由O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸钠与氯乙酸甲酷作用制得,原料配比为1:1.7,反应温度55℃,若采用连续化生产工艺,预热温度h0一70 ℃,反应温度X80士5)℃。 4.乐果的合成O,O一二甲基一S-(乙酸甲酯)二硫代磷酸a与一甲胺作用,原料配比为1:(1.2-1.3),反应温度一5一0 ℃反应结束加苯(或二氯乙烯)萃取反应液中乐果,加盐酸调竹pH值为7,加适量水,以促进分层。规格40 %, 50 %, 80 %,乐果乳油;4%,蚕用乐果乳油;3.6%}高渗乐果乳油;2 % , 3% , 10 %,乐果剂;20 %, 50 %,乐果可湿性粉剂;10 %, 50%乐果颗粒剂。

合成制备方法

1.工业上生产乐果的方法主要有氯乙酰甲胺法、后胺解法。后一种方法是在氯乙酰甲胺法之后发展起来的，此法副反应少，产品纯度可达90%以上，粗品收率90%左右。

2.O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸(简称甲基硫化物)的制备通常采用P2S5与CH3OH作用，甲醉适当过量，反应温度55-60 ℃，为强放热反应，操作时要特别注意安全。反应过程较复杂，同时发生一系列副反应。O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸的收率和含量75 %-80 %采用适当催化剂，在(55士2)℃反应，收率和含量可达90℃左右。

3.O,O一二甲基一5-(乙酸甲酷)二硫代磷酸酷的制备O,O一二甲基一S(乙酸甲酷)二硫代磷酸酷由O,O一二甲基二硫代磷酸钠与氯乙酸甲酷作用制得，原料配比为1:1.7，反应温度55℃，若采用连续化生产工艺，预热温度h0一70 ℃，反应温度X80士5)℃。

4.乐果的合成O,O一二甲基一S-(乙酸甲酯)二硫代磷酸a与一甲胺作用，原料配比为1:(1.2-1.3)，反应温度一5一0 ℃反应结束加苯(或二氯乙烯)萃取反应液中乐果，加盐酸调竹pH值为7，加适量水，以促进分层。规格40 %, 50 %, 80 %，乐果乳油;4%，蚕用乐果乳油;3.6%}高渗乐果乳油;2 % , 3% , 10 %，乐果剂;20 %, 50 %，乐果可湿性粉剂;10 %, 50%乐果颗粒剂。

用途简介

1.乐果是高效广谱具有触杀性和内吸性的杀虫杀螨剂。对多种害虫特别是刺吸口器害虫,具有更高的毒效,杀虫范围广,能防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、潜叶蝇、蓟马、果实蝇、叶蜂、飞虱、叶蝉、介壳虫。乐果能潜入植物体内保持药效达一星期左右。小鼠口服LD50为156.3mg/kg,经皮LD50为700-1150mg/kg,腹腔注射LD50为184mg/kg。 2.用作杀虫剂。

用途

1.乐果是高效广谱具有触杀性和内吸性的杀虫杀螨剂。对多种害虫特别是刺吸口器害虫，具有更高的毒效，杀虫范围广，能防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、潜叶蝇、蓟马、果实蝇、叶蜂、飞虱、叶蝉、介壳虫。乐果能潜入植物体内保持药效达一星期左右。小鼠口服LD50为156.3mg/kg，经皮LD50为700-1150mg/kg，腹腔注射LD50为184mg/kg。

2.用作杀虫剂。^[21]

乐果物化性质

外观与性状：: 白色结晶固体
密度：: 1.281
熔点：: 52-52.5°C
沸点：: 107°C (0.05 torr)
闪点：: 107 °C
水溶解性：: Slightly soluble. 2.5 g/100 mL
折射率：: 1.532
存储条件/存储方法：: 储存注意事项^[20] 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。包装密封。应与氧化剂、碱类、食用化学品分开存放，切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。
稳定性相关：: 1.稳定性^[15] 稳定
2.禁配物^[16] 强氧化剂、碱类
3.避免接触的条件^[17] 受热
4.聚合危害^[18] 不聚合
5.分解产物^[19] 氧化硫、氮氧化物、氧化磷
其它信息：: 1.性状：白色结晶，有樟脑气味，工业品通常是浅黄棕色的乳剂。^[1]
2.熔点（℃）：51~52^[2]
3.沸点（℃）：117（0.013kPa）^[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：1.28^[4]
5.辛醇/水分配系数：0.78^[5]
6.闪点（℃）：107（CC）^[6]
7.溶解性：微溶于水，溶于乙醇、氯仿、苯、酮类等。^[7]

乐果安全信息

包装等级：: III
风险类别：: 6.1(b)
海关代码：: 2930909063
危险类别码：: R21/22
安全说明：: S2-S36/37-S24/25-S23-S53-S26
RTECS号：: TE1750000
安全标志：: :
危险标志：: Xn:Harmful

乐果毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TE1750000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dimethyl ester, S-ester with 2-mercapto-N-methylacetamide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 60-51-5

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1785339

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 96

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H12-N-O3-P-S2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 229.27

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1OPS&O1&S1VM1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 286 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - fasciculations Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 357 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Cardiac - cardiomyopathy including infarction Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 353 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 215 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 965 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD10 - Lethal Dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 390 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - duck

DOSE/DURATION :: 42 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - wild bird species

DOSE/DURATION :: 6600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 630 mg/kg/28D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1092 mg/kg/52W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in surface EEG Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3330 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4500 ug/m3/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 257 ug/m3/24H/15W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3852 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3937 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 4500 ug/m3/8H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 56 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Endocrine - other changes Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 256 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 176 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 113 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: multigenerations

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 220 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 440 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 108 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 14-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/L

REFERENCE :: ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,621,1982 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AQMOAC Air Quality Monographs. (Washington, DC) No.69-1 - No.75-25, 1969-75(?). Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: #73-19,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,1,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MZUZA8 Meditsinskii Zhurnal Uzbekistana. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: (8),90,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-77, 1893-1970. Volume(issue)/page/year: 80,485,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,1,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,193,1984 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NULSAK Nucleus (Calcutta). (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta 700 019, India) V.1- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,243,1985 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84534 No. of Facilities: 30 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 90 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84534 No. of Facilities: 54 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 1665 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 107 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.纯品对大鼠急性经日LD50为500 ~ 600mg/kg，工业品为320 ~ 380mg /kg ( 94 %} ~ 96 %} )。大鼠急性经皮LD50为650mg /kg。雄野鸭急性经日LD50为15mg/kg,雌鸭为40mg/kg }30mg/kg)。鲤鱼L(二为40mg/L }48h)。蜜蜂LD50为0. 09pg/只。

2.急性毒性^[8] LD50：60mg/kg（大鼠经口）；750mg/kg（兔经皮）

3.刺激性 暂无资料

4.致突变性^[9] 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌5μg/皿。姐妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞2mg/kg。微核试验：小鼠经口103mg/kg（24h）。程序外DNA合成：人成纤维细胞100μmol/L。

5.致畸性^[10] 大鼠孕后6~15d经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）120mg/kg，致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。

6.其他^[11] 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：120mg/kg（孕6~15d），致肌肉骨骼系统发育异常。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：256mg/kg/周（间歇），致癌，肝肿瘤，血液系统肿瘤。

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[12] LC50：6.2mg/L（96h）（虹鳟鱼，静态）；6mg/L（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼，静态）；2.5mg/L（48h）（水蚤）

2.生物降解性^[13]

好氧生物降解（h）：264~1344

厌氧生物降解（h）：1056~5376

3.非生物降解性^[14]

空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：0.469~4.69

一级水解半衰期（h）：2822

乐果 MSDS

国标编号:	61874
ＣＡＳ:	60-51-5
中文名称:	乐果
英文名称:	Rogor
别名:	dimethoate；乐戈；O,O-二甲基-S-(N-甲基氨基甲酰甲基)二硫代磷酸酯
分子式:	C₅H₁₂NO₃PS₂
分子量:	229.12
熔点:	51～52℃ 沸点：86℃/
密度:	1.281
蒸汽压:	130～132℃(工业品)
溶解性:	微溶于水，可溶于大多数有机溶剂，如醇类、酮类、醚类
稳定性:	在水溶液中稳定，但遇碱液时，容易水解，加热转化甲?
外观与性状:	无色结晶，具有樟脑气味，工业品通常是浅黄棕色的乳剂
危险标记:	14(有毒品)
用途:	对昆虫既有触杀作用，又有良好的内吸作用。杀虫效果高，广谱，主要用于棉花、果树、蔬菜及其他作物，防治多种蚜虫、红蜘蛛、叶跳甲、潜叶蝇、叶蜂、介壳虫及水稻螟虫等

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害：抑制体内胆碱酯酶，造成神经生理功能紊乱。大量误服出现典型急性有机磷中毒症状。中毒表现有头痛、头昏、乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、流涎、瞳孔缩小、呼吸道分泌物增多、多汗、肌束震颤等。重症出现肺水肿、昏迷、呼吸麻痹、脑水肿。血胆碱酯酶活性降低。本品毒性较低，不易经皮分入，职业中毒不多见。喷洒果树引起的急性中毒多属轻度。
大量误服出现典型急性有机磷中毒症状。表现为头昏、头痛、乏力、恶必、腹泻、流涎等。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性：属低毒类。
急性毒性：LD5060mg/kg(大鼠经口)；750mg/kg(兔经皮) ；人经口30mg/kg，致死剂量。
水生生物忍度限量(48小时)：鲤鱼为40ppm以上

动物经口进入体内，在胆碱酯酶活性受抑制之前中毒症状尚未出现时，能出现麻醉，而在胆碱酶出现抑制时，麻醉养成便恢复。有人认为麻醉作用可能是由于大剂量乐果本身所致。而胆碱酯酶的抑制和死亡可能是氧化乐果所致辞。

代谢和降解：乐果在环境中很容易分解。在潮湿的空气中能很快地发生光化学分解，生成水解和氧化产物。据原苏联提供的资料，在普通土壤中，乐果14天的分解率为77%。

残留与蓄积：乐果能较快地被土壤中的微生物分解，作为碳、氮和磷的来源。乐果的半衰期为122天，但在土壤中的残留仅4天。

迁移转化：由于乐果具有较高的挥发性，很容易挥发进入大气。

危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反庆。受热分解，放出磷、硫的氧化物等毒性气体。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、氧化硫、氧化氮、氧化磷。

3.现场应急监测方法:
植物酯酶法和底物法《环境化学》19卷2期第187～189页韩承辉等
直接进水样气相色谱法

4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法(GB13192-91)(水质)
气相色谱法(GB/T5009.20-1996，食品)
盐酸萘乙二胺比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编

5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质最高容许浓度 1mg/m3
前苏联(1975) 居民区大气中最高容许浓度 0.005mg/m3(一次值；日均值)
前苏联(1978) 环境空气中最高容许浓度 0.003mg/m3(一次值；日均值)
中国(GB11607-89) 渔业水质标准 0.1mg/L
中国(GHZB1-1999) 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域) 0.0001mg/L
中国(待颁布) 饮用水源水中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.08mg/L
中国(GB8978-1996) 污水综合排放标准一级：不得检出
二级：1.0mg/L
三级：2.0mg/L
中国(GB5127-85) 食品中有机磷农药的允许标准 1.0mg/kg(蔬菜、水果)

6.应急处理处置方法:
在食用作物上施药后7天方可采收食用；梅、杏树易产生药害不可使用；避免皮肤接触。

一、泄漏应急措施

疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。收集运至废物处理场所处置。也可大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏收集回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：生产操作或农业使用时，佩戴防毒口罩。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，应该佩带自给式呼吸器。
眼睛防护：戴安全防护眼镜。
防护服：穿相应的防护服。
手防护：戴防护手套。
其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。注意个人清洁卫生。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗污染的皮肤、头发、指甲等。就医。
眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水冲洗10分钟或用2%碳酸氢钠溶液冲洗。就医。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：误服者给饮大量温水，催吐，可用温水或1：5000高锰酸钾液彻底洗胃。或用2%碳酸氢钠反复洗胃。就医。

灭火方法：消防人员须佩戴防毒面具。灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、砂土。

乐果海关数据

中国海关编码：2930909063

概述：: 2930909063 乐果、益硫磷、氧乐果等〔包括甲拌磷、乙拌磷、虫螨磷、果虫磷〕退税率:9.0% 监管条件:S(进出口农药登记证明)
申报要素：: 品名, 成分含量, 用途
监管条件：: S.进出口农药登记证明
摘要/Summary：: 2930909063 o,o-dimethyl s-(2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl) phosphorothioate。supervision conditions:s(import or export registration certificate for pesticides)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.5%。general tariff:30.0%

乐果分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率：54.45

2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：175.7

3、等张比容（90.2K）：467.6

4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：50.1

5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：21.58

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

2.氢键供体数量:1

3.氢键受体数量:5

4.可旋转化学键数量:5

5.互变异构体数量:2

6.拓扑分子极性表面积105

7.重原子数量:12

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:191

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

乐果上游产品

一甲胺 2-氯-N-甲基乙酰胺 O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸盐,钾盐 2-溴-N-甲基乙酰胺二甲氧基二硫代磷酸基乙酸甲酯

乐果下游产品

O,O-二甲基硫代磷酸 n-甲基-硫代乙酰胺 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-八氯联苯-P-二噁英氧乐果

乐果表征图谱

乐果红外图谱(IR1)
乐果红外图谱(IR2)
乐果质谱(MS)
乐果核磁图(¹³CNMR)
乐果核磁图(¹HNMR)

乐果

乐果 制备方法及用途

制备方法

合成制备方法

用途简介

用途

乐果 物化性质

乐果 安全信息

乐果 毒理性