乙醛40%,75-07-0，生产厂家，价格-洛克化工网移动版

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制备方法及用途

物化性质

安全信息

毒理性

MSDS

海关数据

结构与计算化学

表征图谱

乙醛40%

中文名称：: 乙醛40%

中文别名：: 乙醛;
乙醛溶液;
醋醛

英文名称：: Acetaldehyde

英文别名：: acetaldehyde;
ALDEHYDE C1;
Acetaldeyd;
Acetaldehyd;
CH3CHO;
Acetaldehyde;
Ethanal;
MORBICID;
FORMOL;
Acetaldeyde

CAS No.：: 75-07-0

分子式：: C₂H₄O

分子量：: 44.05

精确分子量：: 44.02620

PSA：: 17.07000

MDL：: MFCD00006991

EINECS：: 200-836-8

BRN：: 505984

InChI：: InChI=1/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H33

危险品标志：: F+:Extremely flammable
Xn:Harmful

风险术语：: R12;R36/37;R40

安全术语：: S16;S33;S36/37

分子结构式：

SDS：: 查看

乙醛40% 制备方法及用途

合成制备方法

乙醛有多种生产方法：

1.乙烯直接氧化法　乙烯和氧气通过含有氯化钯、氯化铜、盐酸及水的催化剂，一步直接氧化合成粗乙醛，然后经蒸馏得成品。

2.乙醇氧化法　乙醇蒸气在300-480℃下，以银、铜或银-铜合金的网或粒作催化剂，由空气氧化脱氢制得乙醛。

3.乙炔直接水合法　乙炔和水在汞催化剂或非汞催化剂作用下，直接水合得到乙醛。因有汞害问题，已逐渐为他法取代。

4.乙醇脱氢法　在添加钴、铬、锌或其他化合物的铜催化剂作用下，乙醇脱氢生产乙醛。

5.饱和烃类氧化法。

原料消耗定额：乙炔水合法每吨产品消耗99%乙炔610kg；乙醇氧化法消耗95%乙醇1200kg；乙烯氧化法（一步法）消耗99%乙烯710kg，氧气（99%）300立方米。市售工业品乙醛，乙烯法乙醛纯度为99.7%，乙醇法纯度为98%。

6.制法：

于装有分馏装置（接受瓶用冰浴冷却，以减少乙醛的挥发损失）的反应瓶中，加入多聚乙醛（2）50g，浓硫酸0.5mol，几粒沸石。慢慢加热，注意不要使分馏柱顶端的温度过于32℃。反应应缓慢的进行，因为乙醛和多聚乙醛可形成共沸物，bp42℃（摩尔比为乙醛：多聚乙醛=53.4:46.6）。大部分的乙醛（1）于21～25℃蒸出。当反应瓶中大约剩余10mL时停止蒸馏（若蒸馏至干有爆炸的危险）。这样制备的乙醛能满足大多数用途。若需要纯度更高的乙醛，可重新进行分馏，收集21℃的馏分。^[32]

7.制法：

于装有通气导管、滴液漏斗、蒸馏装置（接受瓶可用两个依次相连的洗气瓶，内盛乙醚，并用冰盐浴冷却）的反应瓶中，加入乙醇（2）135mL（约2mol），加入1/3体积的由150mL浓硫酸与250mL水配成的稀硫酸。通入二氧化碳气体，加热至沸。将另外2/3体积的硫酸用100mL水稀释后，加入200g重铬酸钠，搅拌溶解，滴加此溶液至反应物中，反应放热。生成的乙醛不断被二氧化碳气流带出，乙醛溶于乙醚中。约30min滴完，而后继续通二氧化碳10min。得到乙醛的乙醚溶液。乙醛不能从其乙醚溶液中蒸馏出来。若得到纯的乙醛，可按如下方法进行：将乙醛的乙醚溶液用冰水浴冷却，慢慢通入干燥的氮气，不断摇动。其间析出乙醛胺结晶，直至析出完全^①。抽滤，无水乙醚洗涤，干燥，得乙醛胺（3）55g。于装有通气导管、滴液漏斗、蒸馏装置（接受瓶用冰盐浴冷却）的反应瓶中，加入化合物（3），用50mL水溶解，通入二氧化碳气体，水浴加热，滴加由60mL浓硫酸和80mL水配成的稀硫酸，生成的乙醛不断蒸出，约30min滴完，乙醛的沸点21℃。注：①取少量透明液，通入氮气至饱和，若无沉淀析出，则表明反应结束。^[33]

用途

1.比色法测定醛时用以制备标准溶液、还原剂、杀菌剂。制造多聚乙醛、乙酸、丁醇季戊四醇。有机合成中间体、溶剂。

2.工业上用以制造多聚乙醛、醋酸、乙酸乙酯、季戊四醇、塑料、合成橡胶、合成树脂等。也可用于分光光度法测定醛。

3.还原剂，杀菌剂，比色法测定醛时用以制备标准溶液。工业上用以制造多聚乙醛、乙酸、合成橡胶等。

4.用于制造醋酸、醋酐和合成树脂。^[31]

乙醛40% 物化性质

外观与性状：: 透明无色液体
密度：: 1.09 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点：: -123 °C
沸点：: 65-82 °C
闪点：: 133 °F
水溶解性：: > 500 g/L (20 ºC)
折射率：: n20/D 1.377
蒸汽密度：: 1.03 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法：: 库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放
稳定性相关：: 1.化学性质：活泼，分子中的羰基易进行加成、环化和聚合反应。易氧化成乙酸。在水中可形成水合物。遇明火、高热极易燃烧爆炸。
2.乙醛为易燃有毒液体。对眼、皮肤和呼吸器官有刺激作用。轻度中毒会引起气喘、咳嗽及头痛等症状，重者会引起肺炎及脑膜炎。长期接触会引起红细胞降低、血压升高。小鼠灌胃LD50：1232mg/kg。操作现场空气中最高容许浓度200*10-6。操作人员必须穿戴好劳动保护用具。
3.蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物，爆炸极限4.1%~57.0%（体积）。
4.稳定性^[26] 稳定
5.禁配物^[27] 强酸、强氧化剂、强还原剂、强碱、卤素、氧、易燃物、氨、硫化氢、磷、胺类、醇、酮、酐、酚等
6.避免接触的条件^[28] 受热、接触空气
7.聚合危害^[29] 聚合
其它信息：: 1.性状：无色液体，有强烈的刺激臭味。^[1]
2.熔点（℃）：-123.5^[2]
3.沸点（℃）：20.8^[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：0.788（16℃）^[4]
5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：1.52^[5]
6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：98.64（20℃）^[6]
7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-1166.37^[7]
8.临界温度（℃）：188^[8]
9.临界压力（MPa）：6.4^[9]
10.辛醇/水分配系数：0.43^[10]
11.闪点（℃）：-39（CC）；-40（OC）^[11]
12.引燃温度（℃）：175^[12]
13.爆炸上限（%）：57^[13]
14.爆炸下限（%）：4.0^[14]
15.溶解性：溶于水，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯、汽油、甲苯、二甲苯等。^[15]
16.临界密度（g·cm^-3）：0.286
17.临界体积（cm³·mol^-1）：154
18.Lennard-Jones参数（A）：11.98
19.Lennard-Jones参数（K）：141.3
20.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：19.819
21.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：4.490×10⁹
22.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：28.810
23.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-1165.79
24.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-192.88
25.液相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：117.3
26.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：89.05
27.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-1192.48
28.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-166.19
29.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：263.95
30.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-133.0
31.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：55.32

乙醛40% 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AB1925000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetaldehyde

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-07-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199804

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 117

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H4-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 44.06

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: VH1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 134 ppm/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 661 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13300 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 640 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 23 gm/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 560 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3540 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 17000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 20100 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18900 mg/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - fluid intake Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2217 ppm/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 12600 mg/kg/9W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - other changes Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 4560 ppm/6H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 735 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 2040 ppm/7H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1410 ppm/6H/65W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5040 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5040 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 50 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 640 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 4 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,115,1978 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 45 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,77,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,10,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (135 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 25 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETALDEHYDE-air:CA (18 ppm LOQ) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 85 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 1745 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 7801 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 95 No. of Employees: 216533 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 97770 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[16]

LD50：661mg/kg（大鼠经口）

LC50：13300ppm（大鼠吸入，4h）

2.刺激性^[17]

家兔经皮：500mg，轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）

家兔经眼：40mg，重度刺激。

3.亚急性与慢性毒性^[18] 大鼠、豚鼠经口给予100mg/kg可以耐受6个月，出现反射活动障碍，动脉压升高；经口给予10mg/kg，2~3个月也可引起同样的改变。

4.致突变性^[19] 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌7880μg/皿。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞40μmol/L。DNA损伤：人淋巴细胞1560μmol/L。DNA抑制：人HeLa细胞10mmol/L。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞1200μmol/L。

5.致畸性^[20] 大、小鼠孕后不同时间经口或腹腔内给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo），致呼吸系统、肝胆管系统、中枢神经系统、内分泌系统、泌尿生殖系统、肌肉骨骼系统、颅面部（包括鼻、舌）发育畸形。

6.致癌性^[21] IARC致癌性评论：G2B，可疑人类致癌物。

7.其他^[22] 小鼠静脉最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：120mg/kg（孕后7~9d用药），胚泡植入后死亡率增高，对胎鼠有毒性。

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[23]

LC50：37.2mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；53mg/L（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）

EC50：42mg/L（48h）（水蚤）；30.8mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）

2.生物降解性^[24] MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解80%。

3.非生物降解性^[25] 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10⁵个/cm³时，降解半衰期为24h（理论）。

大气中光解半衰期8.4~16h

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