制备方法

1.用石灰乳在负压、冷却下吸收硫化氢，生成硫氢化钙溶液。将硫氢化钙与氰氨化钙（石灰氮）按1：5摩尔比，于80℃左右反应3h，即得硫脲溶液，过滤、浓缩、冷却结晶、甩滤干燥，得成品硫脲。此外，用硫氰酸铵法和重氮甲烷法也可制得。2.合成法用硫化钡与盐酸（或硫酸）反应，用石灰乳负压吸收，再与石灰氮反应，经过滤、冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥，制得硫脲成品。3.用石灰乳在负压、冷却下吸收硫化氢，生成硫氢化钙溶液，硫氢化钙与氰氨化钙反应，即得硫脲溶液。经过滤、浓缩、冷却结晶、干燥，得纯品硫脲。4.先将硫氢化钙与水混合，在搅拌下分次加入氰氨化钙，过程中控制温度不超过70℃：5.反应结束后，过滤，滤饼用水洗涤，洗液与滤液合并后，通入二氧化碳至白色沉淀消失，加入少量活性炭，加热至80℃，搅拌后冷却至室温后过滤。滤液减压蒸发浓缩至原体积的2／ 3，温度不超过85℃，趁热过滤，滤液冷却结晶，过滤，滤液再浓缩，冷却结晶，每次结晶合并，干燥后即得成品。氢氧化钙溶液的配制　将280mL水加入1000mL烧杯中，在不断搅拌状态下加入240gCaO，配成30%Ca(oH)2乳液。硫氢化钙的制备　将氢氧化钙乳液分装在三个串联的吸收柱内，使合成硝酸钠时产生的硫化氢气体依次通过这三个吸收柱，硫化氢被氢氧化钙乳液吸收后生成硫氢化钙溶液，控制其含量不低于16.5%。硫脲的合成　取16.5%的Ca(SH)2溶液160g加入三口烧瓶中，开动搅拌，升温至50℃左右，缓慢加入含氮22%的固体Ca(CN)2 277g，升温至85℃，恒温3h，反应结束。硫脲成品的制取　将上述溶液过滤，用蒸馏水反复洗涤滤饼，洗液与滤液合并，在80～85℃条件下真空蒸发，蒸发至含量为13～14°Bé为止。将浓缩液冷却至10℃左右，结晶10h，过滤，滤液再反复蒸发、结晶、过滤，滤饼在75℃条件下干燥得成品。6.主要合成法有：氰胺类与硫醇类反应；胺类与二硫化碳反应；异硫氰酸酯类与胺类反应；硫氰酸铵加热等。德国最先用硫氰酸铵制造。Reynolds于1869年发现，该反应为可逆反应。工业规模制造是1940年在美国开始的。虽申请了许多专利，但主要专利是氰氨化钙与硫化氢反应。7.用硫氰酸铵法和重氮甲烷法也可制得。

合成制备方法

1.用石灰乳在负压、冷却下吸收硫化氢，生成硫氢化钙溶液。将硫氢化钙与氰氨化钙（石灰氮）按1：5摩尔比，于80℃左右反应3h，即得硫脲溶液，过滤、浓缩、冷却结晶、甩滤干燥，得成品硫脲。此外，用硫氰酸铵法和重氮甲烷法也可制得。

用途简介

本品用以合成磺胺噻唑、蛋氨酸和肥猪片等药物的原料。用作染料及染色助剂、树脂及压塑粉的原料。也可用作橡胶的硫化促进剂、金属矿物的浮选剂、制邻苯二甲酸酐和富马酸的催化剂，以及用作金属防锈蚀剂。在照相材料方面，可作为显影剂和调色剂。还可用于电镀工业。硫脲还用于重氮感光纸、合成树脂涂料、阴离子交换树脂、发芽促进剂、杀菌剂等许多方面。硫脲也作为化肥使用。医药上用作生产药物的中间体。橡胶工业上用作硫化促进剂。采矿业上用作浮选剂。还用作织物、纸张处理剂，印染助剂。分析试剂。用于铋、锇、铑、硒、铅、碲、亚硝酸盐等的测定。测定锇的络合指示剂。用于制备环氧树脂快速固化剂。也可用作三聚氰胺甲醛树脂胶黏剂的增韧剂。医药工业中用于制造磺胺噻唑、蛋氨酸、吡哌酸及抗甲状腺药等。有机合成中用于制造甲基硫脲、二乙基硫脲、二苯基硫脲、二氧化硫脲等硫脲衍生物。农药工业用于制造杀虫剂。也用作偶氮感光纸还原剂、金属防锈剂、尼龙及聚酯纤维的加工助剂、橡胶硫化促进剂、矿物浮选剂、有机合成催化剂、电镀添加剂等。用于氢氟酸酸洗缓蚀剂,用于酸洗除铜剂。在氨三乙酸镀锌中，硫脲可用作光亮剂，同时还能提高阴极极化作用，使镀层光泽，结晶细致，提高溶液的均镀能力。用于有机合成，也用作药品、橡胶促进剂、镀金材料等。

用途

1.本品用以合成磺胺噻唑、蛋氨酸和肥猪片等药物的原料。用作染料及染色助剂、树脂及压塑粉的原料。也可用作橡胶的硫化促进剂、金属矿物的浮选剂、制邻苯二甲酸酐和富马酸的催化剂，以及用作金属防锈蚀剂。在照相材料方面，可作为显影剂和调色剂。还可用于电镀工业。硫脲还用于重氮感光纸、合成树脂涂料、阴离子交换树脂、发芽促进剂、杀菌剂等许多方面。硫脲也作为化肥使用。医药上用作生产药物的中间体。橡胶工业上用作硫化促进剂。采矿业上用作浮选剂。还用作织物、纸张处理剂，印染助剂。

2.分析试剂。用于铋、锇、铑、硒、铅、碲、亚硝酸盐等的测定。测定锇的络合指示剂。

3.用于制备环氧树脂快速固化剂。也可用作三聚氰胺甲醛树脂胶黏剂的增韧剂。医药工业中用于制造磺胺噻唑、蛋氨酸、吡哌酸及抗甲状腺药等。有机合成中用于制造甲基硫脲、二乙基硫脲、二苯基硫脲、二氧化硫脲等硫脲衍生物。农药工业用于制造杀虫剂。也用作偶氮感光纸还原剂、金属防锈剂、尼龙及聚酯纤维的加工助剂、橡胶硫化促进剂、矿物浮选剂、有机合成催化剂、电镀添加剂等。

4.用于氢氟酸酸洗缓蚀剂,用于酸洗除铜剂。

5.在氨三乙酸镀锌中，硫脲可用作光亮剂，同时还能提高阴极极化作用，使镀层光泽，结晶细致，提高溶液的均镀能力。

6.用于有机合成，也用作药品、橡胶促进剂、镀金材料等。^[25]

包装等级：

III

风险类别：

6.1

海关代码：

2930909090

WGK_Germany：

2
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单

危险类别码：

R22;R40;R51/53;R63

安全说明：

S36/37-S61

RTECS号：

YU2800000

安全标志：

S61:避免排放到环境中。参考专门的说明/安全数据表。
:

危险标志：

Xn:Harmful

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :

YU2800000

CHEMICAL NAME :

Urea, 2-thio-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :

62-56-6

LAST UPDATED :

199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :

64

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C-H4-N2-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

76.13

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

ZYZUS

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

1660 mg/kg/5W

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - hemorrhage Blood - granulocytopenia Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

147 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

125 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

436 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

6985 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2550 mg/kg/5W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 mg/m3/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hypofunction Related to Chronic Data - changes in prostate weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

47200 ug/m3/39W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

78 gm/kg/56W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Multiple routes

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

151 gm/kg/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

18 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

40 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1950 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - multiple effects Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Multiple routes

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

179 gm/kg/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 gm/kg/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine - thyroid tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

240 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 16-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 17-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

22400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

9 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 90 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mmol/L

REFERENCE :

ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,5,1985 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,95,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,95,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,250,1970 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 82272 No. of Facilities: 1179 (estimated) No. of Industries: 29 No. of Occupations: 25 No. of Employees: 12517 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 82272 No. of Facilities: 2999 (estimated) No. of Industries: 50 No. of Occupations: 57 No. of Employees: 37571 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 10969 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[9]  LD50：125mg/kg（大鼠经口）；100mg/kg（小鼠腹腔）

2.刺激性^[10]  兔经眼：14%，引起刺激。

3.致突变性^[11]  微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌150μg/皿；酿酒酵母菌52600μmol/L。

4.致畸性^[12]  大鼠孕后12d经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）240mg/kg，致中枢神经系统、肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。大鼠孕后16~22d经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）1400mg/kg，致内分泌系统发育畸形。

5.致癌性^[13]  IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。

6.其他^[14]  大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：40mg/kg（孕后用药1d），对胎鼠中枢神经系统、肌肉、骨骼系统有影响。

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[15]  LC50：＞100mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；1.8mg/L（48h）（水蚤）

2.生物降解性^[16]  MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解2.6%。

3.非生物降解性^[17]  空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10⁵个/cm³时，降解半衰期为0.4d（理论）。

4.其他有害作用^[18]  该物质对环境有危害，由于热分解而形成的硫化物和氮氧化物，对大气会造成污染。

中国海关编码：2930909090

概述：

2930909090. 其他有机硫化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

申报要素：

品名, 成分含量, 用途

摘要/Summary：

2930909090. other organo-sulphur compounds. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率：21.04

2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：57.3

3、等张比容（90.2K）：176.5

4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：89.5

5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：8.34

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:-0.8

2.氢键供体数量:2

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:2

6.拓扑分子极性表面积84.1

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:29

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

• 
  硫脲红外图谱(IR1)
• 
  硫脲红外图谱(IR2)
• 
  硫脲质谱(MS)