乙腈,75-05-8，生产厂家，价格-洛克化工网移动版

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基本信息

制备方法及用途

物化性质

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MSDS

海关数据

结构与计算化学

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乙腈

中文名称：: 乙腈

中文别名：: 乙腈

英文名称：: acetonitrile

英文别名：: acetonitrile;
Acetonitrile;
Acetonitril;
CH3CN;
ACN;
Cyanomethan;
usafek-488;
NA 1648

CAS No.：: 75-05-8

分子式：: C2H3N

分子量：: 41.05190

精确分子量：: 41.02650

PSA：: 23.79000

MDL：: MFCD00001878

EINECS：: 200-835-2

BRN：: 741857

InChI：: InChI=1/C2H3N/c1-2-3/h1H33

风险术语：: 11-36-20/21/22-10-36/37/38-23/24/25-41-24-20/22

SDS：: 查看

乙腈制备方法及用途

合成制备方法

乙腈的生产方法很多，其中工业生产的主要有醋酸氨化法、乙炔氨化法和丙烯氨氧化副产法等。

1.醋酸氨化法：以醋酸、氨为原料，在三氧化二铝催化剂作用下，在360-420℃温度下，进行反应，一步合成乙腈，反应液经吸水和精馏即得成品。原料消耗定额：乙酸（98%）1763kg/t、液氨（99.5%）691kg/t。

2.乙炔氨化法：以乙炔、氨为原料，以三氧化二铝催化剂，　在500-600℃温度下，一步反应合成乙腈。原料消耗定额：乙炔10231m3、液氨（99.4%）1007kg/t。

3.丙烯氨氧化副产法：以丙烯、氨和空气为原料，通过催化剂合成丙烯腈时，同时副产乙腈。每吨丙烯腈可副产25-100kg乙腈。

4.由乙酰胺与五氧化二磷脱水而得。

5.由硫酸二甲酯与氰化钠作用而得。

精制方法：工业品常含有水、烃、丙烯腈、乙酸、氨等杂质。精制时首先利用乙腈与水的共沸混合物进行共沸蒸馏除去粗制乙腈中的水分，然后进行精馏以除去高沸点物质。进一步精制时，可先用氯化钙干燥，过滤后加0.5%～1%的五氧化二磷回流，然后在常压下蒸馏。重复此操作，至五氧化二磷不再着色为止(回流和蒸馏时要接上装有五氧化二磷的干燥管，防止空气中水分进入)，再加入新熔融过的碳酸钾蒸馏，以除去微量的五氧化二磷，最后再分馏得纯品。

除用共沸蒸馏和氯化钙脱水外，也可用无水硫酸钠、碳酸钾、4A型分子筛或硅胶脱水。若有微量不饱和腈存在，可在开始时用少量氢氧化钾水溶液(每1000mL乙腈加1mL　1%氢氧化钾水溶液)回流除去。若含有异腈，可用浓盐酸处理除去，再用碳酸钾干燥后蒸馏。

6.将绝对干燥的乙酰胺与磷酸酐放于铜制的容器内，装上分馏柱及水冷凝器，加热，控制温度使反应不要过猛，反应至没有馏出物为止，收集得粗品：

在上述粗品中加入饱和碳酸钾溶液至无气泡冒出为止，再加入少量的干燥碳酸钾，搅拌均匀，静置。倒出上层腈粗品与磷酸酐一起进行分馏，收集80～82℃的馏出物即为成品。

用途

1.乙腈是制备原乙酸酯的原料，是生产二氯菊酸甲酯和2-氯-3，3，3-三氟-1-丙烯基-2，2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸酯(功夫酸酯)的中间体，并可用于磺酰脲类除草剂中间体嘧啶衍生物的原料，在医药工业可用于制造维生素B1，在合成橡胶工业中做C4馏分的抽提剂。用作色谱分析标准物质、溶剂及气相色谱固定液。

2.主要是作溶剂。如作为抽提丁二烯的溶剂，合成纤维的溶剂和某些特殊涂料的溶剂。在石油工业中用于从石油烃中除去焦油、酚等物质的溶剂。在油脂工业中用作从动植物油中抽提脂肪酸的溶剂，在医药上用于甾族类药物的再结晶的反应介质。在需要高介电常数的极性溶剂时常常使用乙腈与水形成的二元共沸混合物：含乙腈84%，沸点76℃。乙腈是医药（维生素B1），香料的中间体，是制造均三嗪氮肥增效剂的原料。也用作酒精的变性剂。用作脂肪酸的萃取剂、酒精变性剂、丁二烯萃取剂和丙烯腈合成纤维的溶剂等。此外，还可以用于合成乙胺、乙酸等，并在织物染色、照明工业中也有许多用途。

3.用于制维生素B1等药物和香料等，也用作脂肪酸萃取剂等。^[30]

乙腈物化性质

外观与性状：: 无色透明液体
密度：: 0.786 g/mL
熔点：: −45 °C
沸点：: 81-82 °C
闪点：: 48 °F
水溶解性：: 与水和多种有机溶剂互溶
折射率：: n20/D 1.344(lit.)
蒸汽密度：: 1.41 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法：: 库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放
稳定性相关：: 1.化学性质：① 乙腈为稳定的化合物，不易氧化或还原，但碳氮之间为叁键，易发生加成反应。例如：
与卤化氢加成、与硫化氢加成、无机酸存在下与醇加成、与酸或酸酐加成、与羟胺加成。
② 在酸或碱存在下发生水解，生成酰胺，进一步水解生成酸。
③ 还原生成乙胺。
④ 与Grignard试剂反应，生成物经水解得到酮。
⑤ 乙腈能与金属钠、醇钠或氨基钠发生反应。
2.本品易燃，有毒。在空气中的爆炸范围为3.0%～16%（体积），工作场所乙腈最高容许浓度为70mg/m3。在乙腈饱和的空气中，大鼠停留4小时以上不致死亡，但对小鼠15分钟即可致死。乙腈的经口LD50，对大鼠为3.8g/kg，对小鼠为0.2g/kg。吸入乙腈蒸气或经皮肤吸收后会引起中毒，呈现恶心、呕吐、呼吸困难、极度乏力和意识模糊，血中氰化物及硫氰化物浓度增高，并出现蛋白尿等症状。如乙腈溅及皮肤，应用大量水冲洗，溅及眼内应用清水冲洗15分钟以上。如吸入乙腈或氰化物蒸气中毒应立即将人移至新鲜空气处，请医生诊治。生产设备应密闭，防止跑、冒、滴、漏，操作人员应穿戴防护用品。
3.稳定性^[25] 稳定
4.禁配物^[26] 酸类、碱类、强氧化剂、强还原剂、碱金属、硫酸、发烟硫酸、氯磺酸、过氯酸盐
5.聚合危害^[27] 不聚合
6.分解产物^[28] 氰化氢
其它信息：: 1.性状：无色液体，有刺激性气味。^[1]
2.熔点（℃）：-45^[2]
3.沸点（℃）：81.6^[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：0.79（15℃）^[4]
5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：1.42^[5]
6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：13.33（27℃）^[6]
7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-1264.0^[7]
8.临界温度（℃）：274.7^[8]
9.临界压力（MPa）：4.83^[9]
10.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.34^[10]
11.闪点（℃）：12.8（CC）；6（OC）^[11]
12.引燃温度（℃）：524^[12]
13.爆炸上限（%）：16.0^[13]
14.爆炸下限（%）：3.0^[14]
15.溶解性：与水混溶，溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。^[15]
16.相对密度（g/mL,20/4ºC）：0.7822
17.相对密度（g/mL,25/4ºC）：0.7766
18.相对密度（g/mL,30/4ºC）：0.77125
19.折射率（20ºC）：1.34411
20.折射率（25ºC）：1.34163
21.黏度（mPa·s,15ºC）：0.375
22.黏度（mPa·s,30ºC）：0.325
23.蒸发热（KJ/kg,25ºC）：33.25
24.蒸发热（KJ/kg,80.5ºC）：29.84
25.熔化热（KJ/mol）：8.17
26.生成热（KJ/mol,25ºC）：51.50
27.燃烧热（KJ/mol,25ºC）：1266.09
28.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压）：1.31
29.电导率（S/m,25ºC）：6×10^-10
30.体膨胀系数（K^-1,20ºC）：0.00137

乙腈毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AL7700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetonitrile

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-05-8

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 78

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H3-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 41.06

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: NC1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 571 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 64 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 160 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2460 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7551 ppm/8H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 850 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1680 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 269 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2693 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 175 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4480 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 612 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 16000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18 gm/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2828 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1250 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 105 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 177 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 5655 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 9100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 1670 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 655 ppm/7H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 ppm/7H/91D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 ppm/7H/91D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in circulation (hemorrhage, thrombosis, etc.) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1800 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 5000 ppm/1H

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 8000 ppm/1H

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 101 mg/m3 (60 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 67 mg/m3 (40 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,463,1991 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,3,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm ;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 40 ppm (67 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (101 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 50 mg/m3;STEL 100 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 80 ppm ;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETONITRILE-air:10H TWA 20 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 02900 No. of Facilities: 302 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 25 No. of Employees: 28201 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 02900 No. of Facilities: 1172 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 31341 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7975 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[16]

LD50：2460mg/kg（大鼠经口）；1250mg/kg（兔经皮）

LC50：7551ppm（大鼠吸入，8h）

2.刺激性^[17] 家兔经皮：500mg，轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）

3.亚急性与慢性毒性^[18] 猫吸入其蒸气7mg/m³，每天4h，共6个月，在染毒后1个月，条件反射开始破坏。病理检查见肝、肾和肺病理改变。

4.致突变性^[19] 性染色体缺失和不分离：酿酒酵母菌47600ppm。姐妹染色单体交换：仓鼠卵巢5g/L。

5.致畸性^[20] 仓鼠孕后8d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）5000ppm（1h），致中枢神经系统发育畸形。仓鼠孕后8d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）8000ppm（1h），致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。

6.其他^[21]仓鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：300mg/kg（孕8d），引起肌肉骨骼发育异常。

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[22] LC50：1640mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）

2.生物降解性^[23]

好氧生物降解性（h）：168~672

厌氧生物降解性（h）：672~2688

3.非生物降解性^[24]

水中光氧化半衰期（h）：2.80×10⁶~1.10×10⁸

空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：1299~12991

一级水解半衰期（h）：＞150000a

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乙腈

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