ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB
560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,222,1979
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
28 ug/kg/11H-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
AJDCAI American Journal of Diseases of Children. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St.,
Chicago, IL 60610) V.1-80(3), 1911-50; V.100- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 137,291,1983
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
28 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
REFERENCE :
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago,
IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 146,45,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
14285 ng/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - headache
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,273,1991
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago,
IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 146,45,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 155,393,1965
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
215 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,511,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
540 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 155,393,1965
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
37 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,511,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
468 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - parasympatholytic
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 156,467,1965
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JACSAT Journal of the American Chemical Society. (American Chemical Soc.,
Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC
20037) V.1- 1879- Volume(issue)/page/year: 79,4451,1957
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
THERAP Therapie. (Doin, Editeurs, 8, Place de l'Odeon, F-75006 Paris,
France) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,412,1957
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
31 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,637,1966
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
175 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - excitement
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
60 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,424,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
36 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,316,1936
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,424,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,63,1928
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
70 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,424,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
414 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB
8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year:
85,1241,1961
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intracerebral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 81,193,1917
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
480 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - parasympatholytic
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 137,375,1962
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
70 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - pigeon
DOSE/DURATION :
210 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - duck
DOSE/DURATION :
250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
1200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - wild bird species
DOSE/DURATION :
226 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - wild bird species
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For
publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,389,1914
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
37 mg/m3/2H/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,19,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
12320 mg/kg/22W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,424,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
27300 ug/kg/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,19,1990
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
PSYPAG Psychopharmacologia (Berlin). (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-46, 1959-76. For
publisher information, see PSCHDL. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,44,1966
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
700 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
REFERENCE :
BIREBV Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W.
Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,315,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
JRPFA4 Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot,
POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,297,1964
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PISDDJ Pacific Information Service on Street Drugs. (J.K. Brown, School of
Pharmacy, Univ. of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211) V.1- 1972(?)-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(3-6),-,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,1,1978
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84424
No. of Facilities: 1112 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 4
No. of Occupations: 13
No. of Employees: 6758 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84424
No. of Facilities: 988 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 2
No. of Occupations: 15
No. of Employees: 29251 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 22795 (estimated)