精萘,91-20-3，生产厂家，价格-洛克化工网移动版

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基本信息

制备方法及用途

物化性质

安全信息

毒理性

MSDS

结构与计算化学

下游产品

表征图谱

精萘

中文名称：: 精萘

中文别名：: 萘;
并苯;
骈苯

英文名称：: Naphthalene

英文别名：: Naphthalene;
naphthalene;
NAPTHALENE (HIGH PURITY);
NAPHTHALENE, SCINTILLATION GRADE;
Melting point standard 79-81C;
0PHTHALENE CRUDE;
MIXED DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE DISTILLATE;
Naphthalene, , scintillation grade;
NAPHTHALENE, REFINED;
Tar camphor;
NAPHTHALENE FOR SYNTHESIS;
Albocarbon;
Camphor tar;
NAPHTALENE;
Naphthaline;
NAPHTHALENE BALLS 3/4 INCH DIAMETER;
Naphthalene, Recrystallized, Reagent;
REFINED NAPHTHALENE;
Naphthene;
Moth flakes;
Moth balls;
Naphthalin;
White tar;
NAPHTHALENE, MOLTEN

CAS No.：: 91-20-3

分子式：: C₁₀H₈

分子量：: 128.17

精确分子量：: 128.06260

PSA：: 0.00000

MDL：: MFCD00001742

EINECS：: 202-049-5

BRN：: 1421310

InChI：: The Key: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N3

危险品标志：: XnNFT

风险术语：: R22;R40;R50/53;R67;R65;R38;R11;R39/23/24/25;R23/24/25;R52/53;

安全术语：: S36/37;S46-60;S61;S62;S45;S16;S7;

分子结构式：

SDS：: 查看

精萘制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.由煤焦油分离，高温煤焦油中萘约占8%-12%，将煤焦油蒸馏，切取煤油，经脱酚，脱喹啉，蒸馏得成品萘。每吨萘消耗10t煤焦油。2.由石油烃制得：催化重质重整油，催化裂化轻循环油，裂解制乙烯的副产焦油等。3.粗萘经白土精制而得精萘。4.静态分步结晶法　将原料工业萘装入结晶箱后进行快速降温，降至82℃后转为均匀降温，以2℃/h的降温速度冷却至60℃，排放富含硫茚的第一次晶析萘油，作为中间馏分待后处理。然后结晶箱内的物料以4℃/h的速度升温，间隔0.5h取样一次，测定其结晶点，根据结晶点的不同，分别排入对应馏分槽，如此进行3～4次分步结晶，可得到较高纯度的精萘。5.降膜分步结晶法　结晶法生产过程由产品生产工艺系统、能源系统、氮气密封系统和计算机控制系统等组成。生产工艺系统以大循环为生产周期，每个大循环包含4个小循环，每个小循环又包含4～6个段，每个段由结晶、部分熔融和全部熔融3个步骤组成。降膜结晶法操作工艺实例：由工业萘装置送来的液态工业萘送入馏分槽中，当进行第四段结晶操作时，用泵将槽中的原料液送入动态结晶器收集槽中。未结晶萘油与发汗液放入纯度低一级的馏分槽中，全熔液可作为第五段的原料。按预定程序进行六段结晶精制后即可得到产品精萘。为提高萘的提取率，可将富含硫茚的馏分送往静态结晶器中处理，静态结晶器所得的产品返回动态结晶系统的相应馏分槽，残液可作为减水剂出售。由于该装置同时采用动态和静态结晶器，既可保证较高的萘回收率，又能降低能耗。

合成制备方法

1.由煤焦油分离，高温煤焦油中萘约占8%-12%，将煤焦油蒸馏，切取煤油，经脱酚，脱喹啉，蒸馏得成品萘。每吨萘消耗10t煤焦油。

2.由石油烃制得：催化重质重整油，催化裂化轻循环油，裂解制乙烯的副产焦油等。

3.粗萘经白土精制而得精萘。

4.静态分步结晶法　将原料工业萘装入结晶箱后进行快速降温，降至82℃后转为均匀降温，以2℃/h的降温速度冷却至60℃，排放富含硫茚的第一次晶析萘油，作为中间馏分待后处理。然后结晶箱内的物料以4℃/h的速度升温，间隔0.5h取样一次，测定其结晶点，根据结晶点的不同，分别排入对应馏分槽，如此进行3～4次分步结晶，可得到较高纯度的精萘。

5.降膜分步结晶法　结晶法生产过程由产品生产工艺系统、能源系统、氮气密封系统和计算机控制系统等组成。生产工艺系统以大循环为生产周期，每个大循环包含4个小循环，每个小循环又包含4～6个段，每个段由结晶、部分熔融和全部熔融3个步骤组成。降膜结晶法操作工艺实例：由工业萘装置送来的液态工业萘送入馏分槽中，当进行第四段结晶操作时，用泵将槽中的原料液送入动态结晶器收集槽中。未结晶萘油与发汗液放入纯度低一级的馏分槽中，全熔液可作为第五段的原料。按预定程序进行六段结晶精制后即可得到产品精萘。为提高萘的提取率，可将富含硫茚的馏分送往静态结晶器中处理，静态结晶器所得的产品返回动态结晶系统的相应馏分槽，残液可作为减水剂出售。由于该装置同时采用动态和静态结晶器，既可保证较高的萘回收率，又能降低能耗。

用途简介

萘是工业上最重要的稠环烃，主要用于生产苯酐；各种萘酚；萘胺等，是生产合成树脂；增塑剂；染料的中间体；表面活性剂；合成纤维；涂料；农药；医药；香料；橡胶助剂和杀虫剂的原料。萘的用途分配，各国有所不同。用于生产苯酐的大致占70%，用于染料中间体和橡胶助剂的约占15%，杀虫剂的约占6%，鞣革剂的约占4%。美国用于生产杀虫剂的比例较大，主要是用于生产西维因。以萘为原料，经过磺化；硝化；还原；胺化；水解等单元操作，可制得多种中间体。精萘的应用还在拓宽，新产品“超级塑性材料”即萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物，可用作水泥添加剂，增加混凝土的塑性变形而不降低其强度。今后几年需求量将以5-10%的速度增长。用于制造染料中间体、樟脑丸、皮革和木材保护剂等。

用途

1.萘是工业上最重要的稠环烃，主要用于生产苯酐；各种萘酚；萘胺等，是生产合成树脂；增塑剂；染料的中间体；表面活性剂；合成纤维；涂料；农药；医药；香料；橡胶助剂和杀虫剂的原料。萘的用途分配，各国有所不同。用于生产苯酐的大致占70%，用于染料中间体和橡胶助剂的约占15%，杀虫剂的约占6%，鞣革剂的约占4%。美国用于生产杀虫剂的比例较大，主要是用于生产西维因。以萘为原料，经过磺化；硝化；还原；胺化；水解等单元操作，可制得多种中间体。精萘的应用还在拓宽，新产品“超级塑性材料”即萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物，可用作水泥添加剂，增加混凝土的塑性变形而不降低其强度。今后几年需求量将以5-10%的速度增长。

2.用于制造染料中间体、樟脑丸、皮革和木材保护剂等。^[31]

精萘物化性质

外观与性状：: 白色至类白色晶体,结晶片
密度：: 0.99
熔点：: 80-82 °C(lit.)
沸点：: 218 °C(lit.)
闪点：: 174 °F
水溶解性：: 30 mg/L (25 ºC)
折射率：: 1.5821
蒸汽密度：: 4.4 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法：: 库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放
稳定性相关：: 1.用五氧化二钒和硫酸钾作催化剂，硅胶作载体，于385-390℃用空气氧化得到邻苯二甲酸酐。在乙酸溶液中用氧化铬进行氧化，生成α-萘醌。加氢生成四氢化萘，进一步加氢则生成十氢化萘。在氯化铁催化下，将氯气通入萘的苯溶液中，主要得到α-氯萘。光照下与氯作用则生成四氯化萘。萘的硝化比苯容易，常温下即可进行，主要产物是α-硝基萘。萘的磺化产物和温度有关，低温得到α-萘磺酸，较高的温度下，主要得到β-萘磺酸。
2.萘的水溶性较小，而且不易被吸收，故其毒性不太强。吸入浓的萘蒸气或萘粉末时，能促使人呕吐，不适，头痛。特别是损害眼角膜，引起小水泡及点状浑浊，还能使皮肤发炎，有时还能引起肺的病理改变，还可损害肾脏，引起血尿，但没有致癌性。工作场所萘的最大容许浓度为１０×１０－６。生产设备及容器应密闭，防止蒸气粉末外逸，操作现场强制通风。若发生中毒现象，要立即移至新鲜空气处，多饮热水，使之呕吐，进行人工呼吸，严重者送医院治疗。
3.稳定性^[27] 稳定
4.禁配物^[28] 强氧化剂（如铬酸酐、氯酸盐和高锰酸钾等）
5.聚合危害^[29] 不聚合
其它信息：: 1.性状：白色易挥发晶体，有温和芳香气味，粗萘有煤焦油臭味。^[1]
2.熔点（℃）：80.1^[2]
3.沸点（℃）：217.9^[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：1.16^[4]
5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：4.42^[5]
6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：0.0131（25℃）^[6]
7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-4983^[7]
8.临界温度（℃）：475.2^[8]
9.临界压力（MPa）：4.05^[9]
10.辛醇/水分配系数：3.01~3.59^[10]
11.闪点（℃）：78.9^[11]
12.引燃温度（℃）：526^[12]
13.爆炸上限（%）：5.9（蒸气）^[13]
14.爆炸下限（%）：2.5g/m³（粉尘）；0.9（蒸气）^[14]
15.溶解性：不溶于水，溶于无水乙醇、乙醚、苯。^[15]
16.黏度（mPa·s,99.8ºC）：0.7802
17.闪点（ºC,开口）：79
18.闪点（ºC,闭口）：78.9
19.蒸发热（KJ/mol,167.7ºC）：46.415
20.生成热（KJ/mol,25ºC,固体）：78.50
21.生成热（KJ/mol,25ºC,液体）：96.38
22.生成热（KJ/mol,25ºC,气体）：151.77
23.熔化热（KJ/mol）：19.18
24.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),-258ºC,定压）：0.046
25.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),87.5ºC,定压）：1.683
26.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),90ºC,定压）：1.775
27.沸点上升常数：5.80
28.电导率（S/m）：4.35×10^-10
29.溶解度（g/L,水,0ºC）：0.019
30.溶解度（g/L,水,100ºC）：0.030
31.热导率（W/(m·K),100≤t≤140 ºC）：(0.1654~1.163)×10^-4 t
32.体膨胀系数（K^-1）：0.000853
33.临界密度（g·cm^-3）：0.315
34.临界体积（cm³·mol^-1）：407
35.临界压缩因子：0.265
36.偏心因子：0.302
37.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：19.188
38.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：8.420×10⁹
39.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：74.640
40.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-5229.67
41.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：150.41
42.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：333.26
43.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：244.3
44.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：131.92
45.晶相相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-5156.30
46.晶相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：77.95
47.晶相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：167.40
48.晶相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：200.87
49.晶相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：165.69

精萘毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: QJ0525000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Naphthalene

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 91-20-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199801

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 73

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C10-H8

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 128.18

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: L66J

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 29 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 74 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 490 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >340 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >2500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 533 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 969 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >20 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1680 mg/kg/28D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 12450 mg/kg/9W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3738 mg/kg/14D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in spleen Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 11970 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 mg/kg/12W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 5925 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-410,1992 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 79 mg/m3 (15 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 52 mg/m3 (10 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(1),93,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,1,1961 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,177,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (75 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (52 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (79 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (100 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 40 mg/m3;STEL 80 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (75 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NAPHTHALENE-air:10H TWA 10 ppm;STEL 15 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 49600 No. of Facilities: 4341 (estimated) No. of Industries: 71 No. of Occupations: 68 No. of Employees: 44297 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 49600 No. of Facilities: 7209 (estimated) No. of Industries: 83 No. of Occupations: 87 No. of Employees: 112696 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 5220 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[16]

LD50：490mg/kg（大鼠经口）；＞2500mg/kg（兔经皮）

LC50：＞340mg/m³（大鼠吸入，1h）

2.刺激性^[17]

家兔经皮：495mg，轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）。

家兔经眼：100mg，轻度刺激。

3.亚急性与慢性毒性^[18] 兔经口1g/（kg·d），3d，见晶状体混浊，20d后形成白内障。兔吸入饱和蒸气，每天2h，2~3个月，红细胞先增多后减少；400~500mg/m³，每天4h，5个月，见晶状体混浊。小鼠吸入60~500mg/m³,5个月，条件反射紊乱，尸检见呼吸系统损害。

4.致突变性^[19] 细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢30mg/L。姐妹染色单体交换：仓鼠卵巢15mg/L。

5.致畸性^[20] 大鼠孕后1~15d腹腔内给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）5925mg/kg，致肌肉骨骼系统、心血管系统发育畸形。

6.致癌性^[21] IARC致癌性评论：G2B，可疑人类致癌物。

7.其他^[22] 小鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：2400mg/kg（孕7~14d），影响活产指数，影响存活指数（如活产在第4天时的存活数）

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[23] LC50：1.37~3.8mg/L（96h）（鱼类）

2.生物降解性^[24]

好氧生物降解（h）：12~480

厌氧生物降解（h）：600~6192

3.非生物降解性^[25]

水相光解半衰期（h）：1704~13200

光解最大光吸收波长范围（nm）：310.5~220.5

水中光氧化半衰期（h）：1704~13200

空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：2.96~29.6

4.生物富集性^[26] BCF：36.5~168（鲤鱼，接触浓度0.15ppm，接触时间8周）；23~146（鲤鱼，接触浓度0.015ppm，接触时间8周）

精萘

精萘制备方法及用途