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六氯乙烷

中文名称：: 六氯乙烷

中文别名：: 六氯乙烷;
全氯乙烷;
六氯化二碳;
六氯化碳

英文名称：: Hexachloroethane

英文别名：: hexachloroethane;
Hexachloroethane

CAS No.：: 67-72-1

分子式：: C₂Cl₆

分子量：: 236.74

精确分子量：: 233.81300

PSA：: 0.00000

MDL：: MFCD00000799

EINECS：: 200-666-4

BRN：: 1740341

InChI：: InChI=1/C2Cl6/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)83

危险品标志：: Xn

风险术语：: R36/37/38;R40;R51/53

安全术语：: S26;S36/37/39;S45

分子结构式：

SDS：: 查看

六氯乙烷制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.由四氯乙烷经氯化而得。将脱水后的四氯乙烷投入搪玻离反应锅,在强光照射下通入氯气,反应温度逐渐上升,最后保持在90-100℃。当反应液由浑转清,通氯管出现结晶时,氯化即到达终点。停止通氯,提高温度至120℃,排出锅内余氯到达终点。停止通氯,提出高温度至120℃,排出锅内余氯。出料至盛有沸水的结晶锅内,用热水洗涤,再加1%碳酸钠和5%尿素溶液搅拌除氯。用水充分洗涤后后冷却结晶,离心过滤,最后将结晶浸泡于蒸馏水中再甩干,于40℃干燥、粉碎即得六氯乙烷。工业上也采用三氯乙烯与氯气进行光氯化。三氯乙烯与氯气发生光氯化反应生成五氯乙烷,再与液碱作用生成四氯乙烯。四氯乙烯与液氯(1:0.213)经光氯化反应制得粗制品,再经纯碱液中和、水洗、冷却结晶、离心过滤、干燥,粉碎而得成品。用此法生产六氯乙烷,每吨产品消耗三氯乙烯680kg,液氯700kg。另外,四氯化碳在氯化铝存在下与氯气反应,或乙烯在300-350℃,与氯反应都可制得该品。

合成制备方法

1.由四氯乙烷经氯化而得。将脱水后的四氯乙烷投入搪玻离反应锅，在强光照射下通入氯气，反应温度逐渐上升，最后保持在90-100℃。当反应液由浑转清，通氯管出现结晶时，氯化即到达终点。停止通氯，提高温度至120℃，排出锅内余氯到达终点。停止通氯，提出高温度至120℃，排出锅内余氯。出料至盛有沸水的结晶锅内，用热水洗涤，再加1%碳酸钠和5%尿素溶液搅拌除氯。用水充分洗涤后后冷却结晶，离心过滤，最后将结晶浸泡于蒸馏水中再甩干，于40℃干燥、粉碎即得六氯乙烷。工业上也采用三氯乙烯与氯气进行光氯化。三氯乙烯与氯气发生光氯化反应生成五氯乙烷，再与液碱作用生成四氯乙烯。四氯乙烯与液氯（1：0.213）经光氯化反应制得粗制品，再经纯碱液中和、水洗、冷却结晶、离心过滤、干燥，粉碎而得成品。用此法生产六氯乙烷，每吨产品消耗三氯乙烯680kg，液氯700kg。另外，四氯化碳在氯化铝存在下与氯气反应，或乙烯在300-350℃，与氯反应都可制得该品。

用途简介

六氯乙烷主要用于有机合成、医药等。也用作溶剂。

用途

1.该品用作溶剂和用于生产氟里昂-113、农药、医药、兽药、发烟剂、除泡剂、铝制品的脱气剂、脱氧剂（铝、镁、铜及其合金）、切消油添加剂以及聚氯乙烯助增塑剂、有机合成中间体。六氯乙烷与锌粉、氯化铵、过氯酸铵等按比例混合可用作烟雾生成剂，六氯乙烷还用作樟脑代用品和橡胶硫化促进剂等。六氯乙烷本身也是一种兽用驱虫药。主要用于反刍兽肝蛭病及胃蛭病，其他睾吸虫病和线虫病等。

2.用于有机合成、医药工业等。也用作溶剂。^[22]

六氯乙烷物化性质

外观与性状：: 白色结晶粉末
密度：: 2.091 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点：: 184 °C
沸点：: 186℃
闪点：: 61.3ºC
水溶解性：: 0.05 g/L (22 ºC)
折射率：: 1.533
蒸汽密度：: 8.16 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法：: 库房通风低温干燥,与食品添加剂分开存放
稳定性相关：: 1.六氯乙烷能升华，在空气中逐渐挥发。化学性质稳定，常温下与水接触不发生分解。在酸或碱的水溶液中也不反应。与氯化锌反应生成四氯化碳。用锌和硫酸还原则生成四氯乙烯。高温热解生成四氯化碳、四氯乙烯和氯气。
2.稳定性^[16]    稳定
3.禁配物^[17]    强氧化剂、强碱、金属等
4.避免接触的条件^[18]   光照、受热
5.聚合危害^[19]   不聚合
6.分解产物^[20]   氯化氢、光气
其它信息：: 1.性状：无色结晶，有樟脑样气味。^[1]
2.熔点（升华，℃）：186^[2]
3.沸点（℃）：186（103.34kPa，升华）^[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：2.09^[4]
5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：8.16^[5]
6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：0.13（32.7℃）^[6]
7.临界压力（MPa）：3.34^[7]
8.辛醇/水分配系数：3.82~4.19^[8]
9.溶解性：不溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯、氯仿、油类等多数有机溶剂。^[9]
10.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-138.9
11.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：398.85
12.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-54.9
13.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：136.73
14.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-187.6
15.液相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：245.6
16.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-83.47
17.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：196.2
18.蒸发热（KJ/kg,b.p.）：194.2
19.燃烧热（KJ/mol,20ºC,固体）：461
20.生成热（KJ/mol,20ºC,结晶）：226
21.生成热（KJ/mol,20ºC,气体）：154.9
22.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压）：0.729

六氯乙烷毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KI4025000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethane, hexachloro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 67-72-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1740341

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 62

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-Cl6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 236.72

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: GXGGXGGG

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4460 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5900 ppm/8H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 325 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 32 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 4970 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6944 mg/kg/16W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 9 gm/kg/16D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 48750 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 260 ppm/6H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 12 gm/kg/12D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 260 ppm/6H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10300 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 230 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 460 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.7 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,467,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,467,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40(3),A46,1979 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,124,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (100 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (100 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (50 mg/m3) (vapor) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HEXACHLOROETHANE-air:8H CA TWA 1 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 17385 No. of Facilities: 219 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 1488 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 17385 No. of Facilities: 170 (estimated) No. of Industries: 12 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 8516 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 576 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[10] LD50：4460mg/kg（大鼠经口）

2.刺激性 暂无资料

3.致突变性^[11] 姐妹染色单体交换：仓鼠卵巢330mg/L

4.致癌性^[12] IARC致癌性评论：G2B，可疑人类致癌物。

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[13]

LC50：0.98mg/L（96h）（虹鳟鱼，动态）；1.53mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼，动态）；2.9mg/L（48h）（水蚤）

2.生物降解性^[14]

好氧生物降解（h）：672~4320

厌氧生物降解（h）：2688~17280

3.非生物降解性 暂无资料

4.其他有害作用^[15] 该物质对环境可能有危害，在地下水中有蓄积作用。在对人类重要食物链中，特别是在水生生物中发生生物蓄积。

六氯乙烷 MSDS

国标编号:	61558
ＣＡＳ:	67-72-1
中文名称:	六氯乙烷
英文名称:	hexachloroethane；carbon hexachloride
别名:	六氯化碳
分子式:	C₂Cl₆；CCl₃CCl₃
分子量:	236.76
熔点:	186℃/升华沸点：186
密度:	相对密度(水=1)2.09
蒸汽压:	32.7℃
溶解性:	不溶于水，溶于醇、苯、氯仿、油类等多数有机溶剂
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	无色结晶，有樟脑样气味
危险标记:	14(有毒品)
用途:	用于有机合成、医药等。也用作溶剂

2、对环境的影响

该物质对环境可能有危害，在地下水中有蓄积作用。在对人类重要食物链中，特别是在水生生物中发生生物蓄积。

一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。健康危害：本品对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用，对肝、肾有损害；对皮肤粘膜有轻度刺激作用。误服出现眩晕、呕吐、肝区痛、血中胆红素增高、心率减慢、肾炎及无尿。动物实验见软弱无力、嗜睡、步态不稳、后肢轻瘫；亦可见痉挛、心率加快、昏睡、腹泻、食欲减退等。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性：属低毒类。急性毒性：LD504460mg/kg(大鼠经口)；大鼠吸入57mg/L×8小时，致死。亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠经口1.5mg/kg/日×110日，肾功能异常；大鼠经口80mg/kg/日×110日，肝、肾细胞坏死，功能异常。致突变性：Ames试验沙门氏菌株(五个菌种)+S9阴性。致癌性：大鼠经口致肝瘤。

危险特性：高热时能分解出剧毒的光气。燃烧(分解)产物：氯化氢、光气。

3、现场应急监测方法

4、实验室监测方法

气相色谱法《城市和工业废水中有机化合物分析》王克欧等编气相色谱法《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译色谱-质谱法《水和废水标准检验法》19版译文，江苏省环境监测中心

5、环境标准

前西德(1982)	职业环境空气中最高容许浓度	10mg/m³
前苏联(1982)	地面水中最高容许浓度	0.01mg/L
前苏联(1975)	污水排放标准	2mg/L

6、应急处理处置方法一、泄漏应急处理

隔离泄漏污染区，限制出入。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿一般作业工作服。小量泄漏：用洁净的铲子收集于干燥、洁净、有盖的容器中。大量泄漏：收集、回收或运至废物处理场所处置。废弃物处置方法：用焚烧法。废料同其它燃料混合后焚烧，燃烧要充分，防止生成光气。焚烧炉排气中的卤化氢通过酸洗涤器除去。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：可能接触其粉尘时，应该佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。眼睛防护：一般不需要特殊防护，高浓度接触时可戴安全防护眼镜。身体防护：穿透气型防毒服。手防护：戴防化学品手套。其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，沐浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。注意个人清洁卫生。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。食入：饮足量温水，催吐，洗胃。就医。

灭火方法：消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

六氯乙烷

六氯乙烷制备方法及用途