马拉硫磷
- 中文名称：
- 马拉硫磷
- 中文别名：
- 马拉硫磷;
马拉松;
防虫磷;
粮泰安;
O,O-二甲基-S-[1,2-二(乙氧基羰基)乙基]二硫代磷酸酯;
粮虫净
- 英文名称：
- malathion
- 英文别名：
- malathion;
flair;
Fog 3;
Etiol;
diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio)succinate;
Malathion;
maldison;
carbophos;
rac-diethyl (2R)-2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]butanedioate;
S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate;
diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioate;
mercaptothion;
SF 60;
8059HC
- CAS No.：
- 121-75-5
- 分 子 式：
- C10H19O6PS2
- 分 子 量：
- 330.35800
- 精确分子量：
- 330.03600
- PSA：
- 138.26000
- MDL：
- MFCD00036233
- EINECS：
- 204-497-7
- BRN：
- 1804525
- InChI：
- InChI=1/C10H19O6PS2/c1-5-15-9(11)7-8(10(12)16-6-2)19-17(18,13-3)14-4/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3/t8-/m0/s13
- 风险术语：
- 22-50/53-67-65-38-11
- SDS：
- 查看
马拉硫磷 制备方法及用途
制备方法
-
由五硫化二磷和甲醇合成二甲基二硫代磷酸酯,然后与顺丁烯二酸二乙酯加成得到马拉硫磷。将顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(以100%计为380kg)投入1000L搪玻璃反应锅内搅拌,控制温度在45℃以下,投入350kg五硫化二磷。慢慢滴加甲醇,控制温度为48-55℃,约2h加完250kg甲醇。加毕,保持65-75℃反应8h。反应产生硫化氢和逸出甲醇蒸气,经冷凝器使甲醇回流,硫化氢则用碱液吸收。反这过程在负压下进行。反应完成后,冷却至40-50℃,静置分层使杂质沉淀。上层原油先后进行水洗、碱洗、水洗,然后在真空脱水锅进行脱水,在85℃以下(真空度93.3kPa)使原油中的水分蒸发1.5-2h,得马拉硫磷原油。原料消耗定额:顺酐430kg/t、五硫化二磷470kg/t、乙醇420kg/t、甲醇390kg/t。
合成制备方法
由五硫化二磷和甲醇合成二甲基二硫代磷酸酯，然后与顺丁烯二酸二乙酯加成得到马拉硫磷。将顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（以100%计为380kg）投入1000L搪玻璃反应锅内搅拌，控制温度在45℃以下，投入350kg五硫化二磷。慢慢滴加甲醇，控制温度为48-55℃，约2h加完250kg甲醇。加毕，保持65-75℃反应8h。反应产生硫化氢和逸出甲醇蒸气，经冷凝器使甲醇回流，硫化氢则用碱液吸收。反这过程在负压下进行。反应完成后，冷却至40-50℃，静置分层使杂质沉淀。上层原油先后进行水洗、碱洗、水洗，然后在真空脱水锅进行脱水，在85℃以下（真空度93.3kPa）使原油中的水分蒸发1.5-2h，得马拉硫磷原油。原料消耗定额：顺酐430kg/t、五硫化二磷470kg/t、乙醇420kg/t、甲醇390kg/t。
用途简介
-
1.马拉硫磷是高效低毒杀虫、杀螨剂,防治范围广。不仅用于稻、麦、棉,而且因毒性低、残效短,也用于蔬菜、果树、茶叶,以及仓库的防虫。主要防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、棉蚜、棉红蜘蛛、麦粘虫、豌豆象、大豆食心虫、果树红蜘蛛、蚜虫、粉蚧壳虫、巢蛾、蔬菜黄条跳、菜叶虫、茶树上的多种蚧类,以及蚊、蝇幼虫和臭虫等。 2.用作农药杀虫剂。
用途
1.马拉硫磷是高效低毒杀虫、杀螨剂，防治范围广。不仅用于稻、麦、棉，而且因毒性低、残效短，也用于蔬菜、果树、茶叶，以及仓库的防虫。主要防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、棉蚜、棉红蜘蛛、麦粘虫、豌豆象、大豆食心虫、果树红蜘蛛、蚜虫、粉蚧壳虫、巢蛾、蔬菜黄条跳、菜叶虫、茶树上的多种蚧类，以及蚊、蝇幼虫和臭虫等。
2.用作农药杀虫剂。[24]
马拉硫磷 物化性质
- 外观与性状：
- 深棕色至黄色液体
- 密度：
- 1.2076
- 熔点：
- 2.85°C
- 沸点：
- 156°C
- 闪点：
- -18 °C
- 水溶解性：
- 0.0145 g/100 mL
- 折射率：
- 1.508
- 蒸汽压：
- 3.9E-06mmHg at 25°C
- 存储条件/存储方法：
- 库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、食品添加剂分开存放
- 稳定性相关：
1.稳定性[18] 稳定
2.禁配物[19] 强氧化剂、碱类
3.避免接触的条件[20] 受热
4.聚合危害[21] 不聚合
5.分解产物[22] 氧化磷、氧化硫
- 其它信息：
1.性状：无色至淡黄色油状液体，有蒜恶臭，工业品带深褐色。[1]
2.熔点（℃）：2.9~3.0[2]
3.沸点（℃）：156~157（0.09kPa）[3]
4.相对密度（水=1）：1.23（25℃）[4]
5.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：1.43（156℃）[][5]
6.辛醇/水分配系数：2.36[6]
7.闪点（℃）：＞162（OC）；163（CC）[7]
8.溶解性：微溶于水，易溶于醇、醚、酮等多数有机溶剂。[8]
马拉硫磷 安全信息
- 包装等级：
- III
- 风险类别：
- 6.1(b)
- 海关代码：
- 2930909061
- 危险类别码：
- R22;R50/53
- 安全说明：
- S2-S24-S60-S61-S62
- RTECS号：
- WM8400000
- 安全标志：
- S24:避免接触皮肤。
S60:本物质残余物和容器必须作为危险废物处理。
S61:避免排放到环境中。参考专门的说明/安全数据表。 - 危险标志：
- Xn:Harmful
马拉硫磷 毒理性
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- WM8400000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Succinic acid, mercapto-, diethyl ester, S-ester with O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 121-75-5
- BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
- 1804525
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 131
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C10-H19-O6-P-S2
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 330.38
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- 2OV1YVO2&SPS&O1&O1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 uL/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 471 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 246 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 300 uL/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 290 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 43790 ug/m3/4H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >4444 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 250 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 400 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 450 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 190 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2330 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 193 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 221 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - reactivates cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 184 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 375 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1857 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 10 mg/m3/4H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraarterial
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1820 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 280 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 570 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6700 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 271 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 450 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - hamster
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2400 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Bird - chicken
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 600 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - food intake (animal)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Bird - duck
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1485 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - domestic
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cattle
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 53 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - fasciculations Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cattle
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 53 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Bird - wild bird species
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 400 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2250 mg/kg/45D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Gastrointestinal - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1050 mg/kg/21D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3358 mg/kg/14D-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - fluid intake Blood - change in clotting factors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2300 ug/m3/4H/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - other changes Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1050 mg/kg/7D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 16800 mg/kg/24W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 210 mg/kg/12W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 175 mg/kg/4W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 11760 mg/kg/24W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 18900 mg/kg/24W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 5550 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 91 day(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 43920 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- multigenerations
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 191 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 9 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 283 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 9 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- DOSE :
- 80 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 2 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 540 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 28-30 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Specific locus test
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Dominant lethal test
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
- REFERENCE :
- CUSCAM Current Science. (Current Science Assoc., Sadashivanagar P.O., Bangalore 560 080, India) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,280,1988 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,103,1983 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,103,1983 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AQMOAC Air Quality Monographs. (Washington, DC) No.69-1 - No.75-25, 1969-75(?). Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: #73-19,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,1,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CNDQA8 Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique. (Editions Meteore, 42, rue du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),43,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PMDCAY Progress in Medical Chemistry. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,85,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-77, 1893-1970. Volume(issue)/page/year: 80,485,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,1,1976 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,148,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 15 mg/m3 (skin), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 15 mg/m3 (skin), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 15 mg/m3 (skin), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 15 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 15 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 15 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO MALATHION-air:10H TWA 10 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80046 No. of Facilities: 1609 (estimated) No. of Industries: 13 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 17242 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80046 No. of Facilities: 2146 (estimated) No. of Industries: 15 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 19170 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1909 (estimated)
- 毒理学数据：
1.急性毒性[9]
LD50：1800mg/kg（大鼠经口）
LC50：84.6mg/m3（大鼠吸入，4h）
2.刺激性 暂无资料
3.亚急性与慢性毒性[10] 慢性毒性很低，用含本品5000ppm饲料饲养大鼠2a，不出现死亡。
4.致突变性[11] 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌10mg/L；枯草菌1nmol/皿；其他微生物100mg/L。姐妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞20mg/L；人类成纤维细胞5mg/L。
5.致畸性[12] 大鼠交配前91d到孕后1~20d，经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）5550mg/kg，致体壁发育畸形。大鼠孕后9d经口给予最低中毒剂量（TDLo）283mg/kg，致泌尿生殖系统发育畸形。
6.致癌性[13] IARC致癌性评论：组3，现有的证据不能对人类致癌性进行分类。
7.其他[14] 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：5550mg/kg（孕91d/1~20d），致体壁发育异常。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：283mg/kg（孕9d），泌尿生殖系统异常。
- 生态数据：
1.生态毒性[15]
LC50：0.027~3.2mg/L（96h）（鱼）
EC50：0.0018mg/L（48h）（水蚤）
2.生物降解性[16]
好氧生物降解（h）：100~1236
厌氧生物降解（h）：400~4944
3.非生物降解性[17]
水相光解半衰期（h）：990~20000
空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：1~9.8
一级水解半衰期（h）：0.00077
马拉硫磷 MSDS
| 国标编号: | 61875 |
| ＣＡＳ: | 121-75-5 |
| 中文名称: | 马拉硫磷 |
| 英文名称: | malathion |
| 别 名: | 马拉松；四O四九；马拉塞昂；O，O-二甲基-S-{1, 2-双(乙氧羰基)乙基}二硫代磷酸酯 |
| 分子式: | C10H19O6PS2 |
| 分子量: | 330.36 |
| 熔 点: | 2.85℃ 沸点：156～15 |
| 密 度: | 相对密度(水=1)1.23 |
| 蒸汽压: | 30℃ |
| 溶解性: | 微溶于水，易溶于醇、酮、醚等 |
| 稳定性: | 对光稳定但对热的稳定性稍差。在pH小于5或碱性溶液中? |
| 外观与性状: | 纯品为黄色油状液体，略带有醋气味 |
| 危险标记: | 15(有害品，远离食品) |
| 用 途: | 为非内吸性杀虫、杀螨剂。适用于防治水稻、高梁、蔬菜、果树等作物上的多种咀嚼式口器和刺吸式口器的害虫 |
2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：抑制胆碱酯酶活性，造成神经生理功能紊乱。 急性中毒：职业中毒不多见，多系口服引起。表现有头痛、头昏、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、流涎、瞳孔缩小、呼吸道分泌物增多、多汗、肌束震颤等。重者出现肺水肿、脑水肿、昏迷、呼吸麻痹。部分病例可有心、肝、肾损害。少数严重病例在意识恢复后数周或数朋发生周围神经病。个别严重病例可发生迟发性猝死。血胆碱酯酶活性降低。 慢性中毒：尚有争论。有神经衰弱综合征、多汗、肌束震颤等。血胆碱酯酶活性降低。对皮肤有刺激和致敏作用，可引起皮炎。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性：属低毒类。 急性毒性：LD50 1800mg/kg(大鼠经口)；4444mg/kg(大鼠经皮) 亚急性和慢性毒性：慢性毒性很低，用含本品5000ppm饲料饲养大鼠2年，不出现死亡。 致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌10mg/L；枯草菌1nmol/皿；其它微生物100mg/L。姊妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞20mg/L；人类成纤维细胞5mg/L。 生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：5550mg/kg(孕91天/1～20天)，致体壁发育异常。 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：283mg/kg(孕9天)，泌尿系统异常。 以1000mg马拉硫磷原药/kg剂量的饮料喂大白鼠92周，体重能正常增加。水生生物忍度限量(48小时)：鲤鱼为9.0ppm 马拉硫磷对鱼类低毒，但其分解产物马来酸二乙酯，马来酸对水生生物高毒，对蜜蜂等益虫高毒。 代谢和降解：马拉硫磷的降解主要通过水解和氧化作用。这些反应可以在空气、水、土壤和生物机体内进行。在土壤中马拉硫磷可因微生物活动而迅速水解。在消毒过的土壤中每天降解7%，而在普通土壤中97%马拉硫磷被降解。 残留与蓄积：马拉硫磷属弱蓄积化合物，在土壤、作物和机体内的残留均不严重。 迁移转化：马拉硫磷在环境中的行为与有机磷受农药的一般规律相同，可以在大气、水体和土壤间相互迁移，不大会由生物携带扩散。
危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反应。受热分解，放出磷、硫的氧化物等毒性气体。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化磷、氧化硫。
3.现场应急监测方法:
直接进水样气相色谱法
4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法(GB13192-91，水质)气相色谱法(GB/T5009.20-1996，粮食、蔬菜、油)酶-氯化铁比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》杭世平主编
5.环境标准:
| 中国(TJ36-79) | 车间空气中有害物质最高容许浓度 | 2mg/m3 |
| 中国(GB11607-89) | 渔业水质标准 | 0.005mg/L |
| 中国(GB3097-1997) | 海水水质标准 | 0.0005～0.001mg/L |
| 中国(GHZB1-1999) | 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域) | 0.005mg/L |
| 中国(待颁布) | 饮用水源水中有害物质的最高容许浓度 | 0.25mg/L |
| 中国(GB8978-1996) | 污水综合排放标准 |
一级：不得检出 二级：5.0mg/L 三级：10mg/L |
| 联合国规划署(1974) | 保护水生生物淡水中农药的最大允许浓度 | 0.008μg/L |
| 中国(GB5127-85) | 食品中有机磷农药的允许标准 | 3mg/kg(粮食) |
6.应急处理处置方法:
存放处要干燥、阴暗、密闭保管温度为1～30℃为宜。不能与酸、碱农药混合使用，不宜用金属器具盛装，以免分解、失效。
阿托品、解磷毒是马拉硫磷的急救药剂。误服本品按下述办法处置：1、请医生诊视；2、皮下注射1～2mg阿托品；3、充分洗胃；4、上部呼吸道受到刺激时可饮小量热牛奶及苏打；5、眼睛受到沾染时立即用洁净开水充分洗眼；6、皮肤发炎时可用功0%苏条水湿绷带包敷。
消防：可用水、砂土与泡沫灭火器进行灭火，灭火时应注意防止人身中毒。
泄漏应急处理：迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离、严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急人员穿防毒服等。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏构筑围堤或挖坑收容。用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
马拉硫磷 海关数据
中国海关编码：2930909061
- 概述：
- 2930909061 马拉硫磷、苏硫磷、赛硫磷等〔包括丙虫磷、双硫磷、亚砜磷、异亚砜磷〕 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:S(进出口农药登记证明)
- 申报要素：
- 品名, 成分含量, 用途
- 监管条件：
- S.进出口农药登记证明
- 摘要/Summary：
- 2930909061 o,o,o',o'-tetramethyl o,o'-(thiobis(4,1-phenylene)) diphosphorothioate。supervision conditions:s(import or export registration certificate for pesticides)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.5%。general tariff:30.0%
马拉硫磷 分子结构与计算化学数据
分子结构数据
1、摩尔折射率：77.50
2、摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：259.6
3、等张比容（90.2K）：680.4
4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：47.1
5、极化率：30.72
计算化学数据
1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无
2.氢键供体数量:0
3.氢键受体数量:8
4.可旋转化学键数量:11
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积128
7.重原子数量:19
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:341
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:1
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:1
