氰化钾
- 中文名称：
- 氰化钾
- 中文别名：
- 氰化钾;
3-Aminopropionitrile, (2-Cyanoethylamine);
2-Cyanoethylamine;
3-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid;
2-aminopropanenitrile;
3-aminopropanenitrile;
3-Aminopropionitrile;
Benzene, m-dimethoxy-;
1,3-Dimethoxybenzeen;
1,3-Dimethoxybenzene;
1,3-Dimethoxy bengene;
1,3-Dimethoxy benzene;
phenoxymethanol;
4-Methoxyphenol;
4-(methylamino)phenol sulfate (1:1);
p-Methylaminophenol;
2-巯基苯骈噻唑;
橡胶促进剂MBT(M);
2-巯基苯并噻唑;
HSDB 3522;
Leucopin;
My
- 英文名称：
- potassium cyanide
- 英文别名：
- potassium cyanide;
hydrocyanic acid,potassium salt;
cyanuredepotassium;
kaliumcyanid;
hydrogen cyanide,potassium salt;
Feratox;
POTASSIUM CYANIDE;
Cyanides;
KCN;
POTSSIUM CYANIDE
- CAS No.：
- 151-50-8
- 分 子 式：
- CKN
- 分 子 量：
- 65.11570
- 精确分子量：
- 64.96680
- PSA：
- 23.79000
- MDL：
- MFCD00011397
- EINECS：
- 205-792-3
- BRN：
- 3593645
- InChI：
- InChI=1/CN.K/c1-2;/rCKN/c2-1-33
- 风险术语：
- 26/27/28-32-50/53
- SDS：
- 查看
氰化钾 制备方法及用途
制备方法
-
1.吸收法 将氰化钠与硫酸反应生成的氢氰酸气体用一定浓度的氢氧化钾溶液吸收生成氰化钾，然后将溶液送至蒸发器，在50～60℃进行真空蒸发，至过饱和状态，然后在结晶器中结晶，经离心分离，可得含量在92%左右的氰化钾，再在200℃左右进一步干燥脱水，制得氰化钾成品。分离后的母液返回中和反应器。其反应方程式如下：
2.将纯HCN气通入纯KOH的乙醇溶液，有KCN沉淀析出。过滤，用乙醇洗涤。在干燥器中减压干燥。3.将工业品氰化钾溶解于水中，为除去碳酸钾杂质，加入糊状氢氧化钙（氧化钙用水搅和而成），快速搅拌后，静置，过滤。在完全透明滤液中加入适量硫化氢溶液，除去重金属，搅拌、静置后，过滤。滤液于40～60℃下真空蒸发至浆状，停止蒸发，冷却结晶，结晶经抽滤后，于200℃左右干燥即可。
合成制备方法
1.吸收法 将氰化钠与硫酸反应生成的氢氰酸气体用一定浓度的氢氧化钾溶液吸收生成氰化钾，然后将溶液送至蒸发器，在50～60℃进行真空蒸发，至过饱和状态，然后在结晶器中结晶，经离心分离，可得含量在92%左右的氰化钾，再在200℃左右进一步干燥脱水，制得氰化钾成品。分离后的母液返回中和反应器。其反应方程式如下：
2.将纯HCN气通入纯KOH的乙醇溶液，有KCN沉淀析出。过滤，用乙醇洗涤。在干燥器中减压干燥。
3.将工业品氰化钾溶解于水中，为除去碳酸钾杂质，加入糊状氢氧化钙（氧化钙用水搅和而成），快速搅拌后，静置，过滤。在完全透明滤液中加入适量硫化氢溶液，除去重金属，搅拌、静置后，过滤。滤液于40～60℃下真空蒸发至浆状，停止蒸发，冷却结晶，结晶经抽滤后，于200℃左右干燥即可。
用途简介
-
用于从矿石提取金和银、金属电镀、钢的热处理、杀虫剂、熏蒸剂、印染助剂、医药、照像、制氰化氢、造纸等。用于矿石浮选提取金和银、电镀、钢的热处理。也用于分析化学试剂和有机腈类产品制造以及制药等。还用于照相、生产丙烯腈和有机玻璃、蚀刻及石印，以及用作柠檬除霉剂等。用作分析试剂、掩蔽剂、杀虫剂及照相定影剂。分析试剂，测定铜、镍、锌、镉等。用作掩蔽体、照相定影剂、杀虫剂及用于提炼金、银等贵重金属等。在氰化镀银中氰化钾是主络合剂，氰化钾和银生成银氰化钾络盐外，在镀液中还要维持一定量的游离氰化钾。其主要作用：能稳定电解液，提高阴极极化，使镀层细致均匀，促进阳极溶解，提高镀液导电能力，在光亮镀银镀液中高浓度氰化钾能发挥光亮剂的最大效能。碳链延长反应氰化钾(KCN)是化学实验室常用的一种试剂，其主要作用在于参与碳链的延长反应，使反应物增加一个碳原子，这在有机合成中有着非常重要的作用。在一定条件下，由卤化烃与氰化钾反应生成腈，使碳链延长，KCN广泛用于此类碳链延长反应中。在与醇 (式1)、酯、卤化物或醛 (式2) 等反应中，能提供氰基使碳链延长；在这类反应中可以认为反应物与氰化钾发生了加成反应，通过加成可以合成一些复杂化合物。有时候氰化钾参与反应，但是产物的碳链不一定延长。如在氰化钾存在下，氨水可以与羧酸酯反应生成异羟肟酸 (式3)。作为催化剂氰化钾除了可以作为反应物外，还可以作为催化剂，如它可以催化某些反应形成C-C键 (式4)。氰化钾与18-冠醚-6组成一个催化系统，具有很强的催化作用，可以用于碳-碳键的偶合反应 (式5)，反应机理如式6所示。利用氰化钾作为催化剂也可以用于酰胺键的形成，从而使肽链延长(式7)。卤代烃与PPh3反应生成盐，在KCN和重水存在下水解，可以得到高产率的氘代产物(式8)。用于提炼金、银等贵重金属和淬火、电镀，及制分析试剂、有机腈类、医药、杀虫剂等。
用途
1.用于从矿石提取金和银、金属电镀、钢的热处理、杀虫剂、熏蒸剂、印染助剂、医药、照像、制氰化氢、造纸等。
2.用于矿石浮选提取金和银、电镀、钢的热处理。也用于分析化学试剂和有机腈类产品制造以及制药等。还用于照相、生产丙烯腈和有机玻璃、蚀刻及石印，以及用作柠檬除霉剂等。
3.用作分析试剂、掩蔽剂、杀虫剂及照相定影剂。
4.分析试剂，测定铜、镍、锌、镉等。用作掩蔽体、照相定影剂、杀虫剂及用于提炼金、银等贵重金属等。
5.在氰化镀银中氰化钾是主络合剂，氰化钾和银生成银氰化钾络盐外，在镀液中还要维持一定量的游离氰化钾。其主要作用：能稳定电解液，提高阴极极化，使镀层细致均匀，促进阳极溶解，提高镀液导电能力，在光亮镀银镀液中高浓度氰化钾能发挥光亮剂的最大效能。
6.碳链延长反应 氰化钾(KCN)是化学实验室常用的一种试剂，其主要作用在于参与碳链的延长反应，使反应物增加一个碳原子，这在有机合成中有着非常重要的作用。在一定条件下，由卤化烃与氰化钾反应生成腈，使碳链延长[1,2]，KCN广泛用于此类碳链延长反应中。在与醇 (式1)[3]、酯、卤化物或醛 (式2)[4] 等反应中，能提供氰基使碳链延长；在这类反应中可以认为反应物与氰化钾发生了加成反应，通过加成可以合成一些复杂化合物[5,6]。
有时候氰化钾参与反应，但是产物的碳链不一定延长。如在氰化钾存在下，氨水可以与羧酸酯反应生成异羟肟酸 (式3)[7]。
作为催化剂 氰化钾除了可以作为反应物外，还可以作为催化剂，如它可以催化某些反应形成C-C键 (式4)[8]。
氰化钾与18-冠醚-6组成一个催化系统，具有很强的催化作用，可以用于碳-碳键的偶合反应 (式5)[9]，反应机理如式6所示。
利用氰化钾作为催化剂也可以用于酰胺键的形成，从而使肽链延长(式7)[10]。
卤代烃与PPh3反应生成盐，在KCN和重水存在下水解，可以得到高产率的氘代产物(式8)[11]。
7.用于提炼金、银等贵重金属和淬火、电镀，及制分析试剂、有机腈类、医药、杀虫剂等。[26]
氰化钾 物化性质
- 外观与性状：
- 白色结晶或粉末，易潮解。
- 密度：
- 1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
- 熔点：
- 634 °C(lit.)
- 沸点：
- 1625 °C
- 闪点：
- 1625°C
- 存储条件/存储方法：
- Poison room
- 稳定性相关：
1.在空气中吸收水分和二氧化碳，逐渐分解并放出有苦杏仁气味的氰化氢。在水中溶解后即水解。水溶液在常温下分解较慢，但在高温、光照射以及有氧化剂存在下即氧化。赤热时，与二氧化碳反应，形成一氧化碳及氰酸钾。与镁、铝等金属反应，形成氮化物。水溶液可溶解多种金属而成络合物。熔融物可腐蚀玻璃及石英。剧毒！
2.溶于2份冷水、一份沸水、100份乙醇、25份甲醇。其水溶液呈碱性，并很快分解。在空气中或吸湿逐渐分解。不能燃烧。受高热或与酸接触会产生剧毒的氰化物气体。与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯酸盐反应剧烈，有发生爆炸的危险。
3.具有极强的毒性，吸入、吞食或者皮肤接触渗透均会致死；暴露在空气中会导致人恶心、晕眩、头疼和气喘,操作时要十分小心，应该在通风橱中进行。使用该试剂时应小心，不要碰到水，因为它接触水后分解生成HCN毒性气体。该试剂跟氯酸盐、硝酸盐、三氯化氮和氨水混合会形成爆炸性的混合物。
4.稳定性[21] 稳定
5.禁配物[22] 强氧化剂、酸类
6.避免接触的条件[23] 潮湿空气
7.聚合危害[24] 不聚合
- 其它信息：
1.性状：白色结晶或粉末，易潮解。[12]
2.pH值：11（0.1mol/L水溶液）[13]
3.熔点（℃）：634.5[14]
4.相对密度（水=1）：1.52[15]
5.辛醇/水分配系数：-1.69[16]
6.溶解性：易溶于水、乙醇、甘油，微溶于甲醇、氢氧化钠水溶液。[17]
氰化钾 安全信息
- 包装等级：
- I
- 风险类别：
- 6.1
- 海关代码：
- 2837191000
- WGK_Germany：
- 3
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单 - 危险类别码：
- R26/27/28:Very Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . R32:Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
- 安全说明：
- S7-S28-S29-S45-S60-S61
- RTECS号：
- TS8750000
- 安全标志：
- S7:保持容器紧密封闭。
S28:接触皮肤之后，立即使用大量皂液洗涤。
S29:不要将残余物倾入排水口。
S45:出现意外或者感到不适，立刻到医生那里寻求帮助（最好带去产品容器标签）。
S60:本物质残余物和容器必须作为危险废物处理。
S61:避免排放到环境中。参考专门的说明/安全数据表。 - 危险标志：
- T+,N
氰化钾 毒理性
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- TS8750000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Potassium cyanide
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 151-50-8
- BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
- 4652394
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199806
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 55
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C-K-N
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 65.12
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- KA CN
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2857 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 13699 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 7814 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3600 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intramuscular
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8500 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5991 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6500 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2600 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2200 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3972 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intramuscular
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3256 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Ocular
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 7870 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraarterial
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intramuscular
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Bird - pigeon
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Amphibian - frog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 60 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 31500 mg/kg/50W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 14420 mg/kg/13W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 72 mg/kg/12D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 84 mg/kg/7D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy) Biochemical - Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative) - dopamine in striatum
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 45 gm/kg/6W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Gastrointestinal - other changes Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 65 gm/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 14 day(s) pre-mating female 1-22 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 45 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-15 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 1767 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 8-20 week(s) after conception lactating female 44 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - mouse Mammary gland
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,221,1979 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 5 mg(Cn)/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 mg(CN)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 mg(CN)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CYANIDE-air:CL 4.7 ppm(CN)/10M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 60400 No. of Facilities: 2204 (estimated) No. of Industries: 45 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 12274 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 60400 No. of Facilities: 4594 (estimated) No. of Industries: 57 No. of Occupations: 47 No. of Employees: 64238 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 23645 (estimated)
- 毒理学数据：
1.急性毒性[18] LD50：5mg/kg（大鼠经口）
2.刺激性 暂无资料
3.致突变性[19] DNA抑制：小鼠淋巴细胞1mmol/L。细胞遗传学分析：人淋巴细胞70mg/L（24h）。DNA损伤：大鼠肝300μmol/L。
- 生态数据：
1.生态毒性 暂无资料
2.生物降解性 暂无资料
3.非生物降解性 暂无资料
4.其他有害作用[20] 该物质对环境有危害，应特别注意对水体的污染。
氰化钾 MSDS
| Name: | Potassium Cyanide, Reagent ACS (Crystals), 96+% (Titr.) Material Safety Data Sheet |
| Synonym: | Cyanide of Potassium; Potassium Salt of Hydrocyanic Acid. |
| CAS: | 151-50-8 |
Synonym: Cyanide of Potassium; Potassium Salt of Hydrocyanic Acid.
SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
| CAS# | Chemical Name | content | EINECS# |
| 151-50-8 | POTASSIUM CYANIDE | 96% | 205-792-3 |
Risk Phrases: 26/27/28 32
SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Contact with eyes may cause severe irritation, and possible eye burns.
Skin:
May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Contact with skin causes irritation and possible burns, especially if the skin is wet or moist. If absorbed, causes symptoms similar to those of ingestion. Skin absorption may cause unconsciousness. Absorption into the body may cause cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood).
Ingestion:
May be fatal if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause tissue anoxia, characterized by weakness, headache, dizziness, confusion, cyanosis (bluish skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood), weak and irregular heart beat, collapse, unconsciousness, convulsions, coma and death. Contains cyanide. Human fatalities have been reported from acute poisoning. Large doses of cyanide may result in suddden loss of consciousness and prompt death; small doses will prolong the above symptoms 1 to 2 hours.
Inhalation:
Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to those described for ingestion. Contains cyanide. Inhalation may result in symptoms similar to cyanide poisoning which include tachypnea, hyperpnea (abnormally rapid or deep breathing), and dyspnea (labored breathing) followed rapidly by respiratory depression. Pulmonary edema may occur.
Chronic:
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Prolonged or repeated contact may cause skin necrosis and/or ulceration of the skin. Chronic exposure to cyanide solutions may lead to the development of a "cyanide" rash, characterized by itching, and by macular, papular, and vesicular eruptions, and may be accompanied by secondary infections.
SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Treat patient as for inhalation.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. SPEEDY ACTION IS CRITICAL! Treat patient as for inhalation.
Ingestion:
Get medical aid immediately. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL. A DOCTOR MUST BE NOTIFIED AT ONCE. Do not give anything by mouth. Treat patient as for inhalation.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep warm and at rest. Administer oxygen. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL, OBTAIN MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.
Notes to Physician:
Prompt action is essential in all cases of contact.
Antidote:
Always have a cyanide antidote kit on hand when working with cyanide compounds. Get medical advice to use.
SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Extinguishing Media:
Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. Do NOT use carbon dioxide.
SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Decontaminate trace cyanide in the spill area with a strong sodium or calcium hypochlorite solution and flush waste to a holding area for potassium removal.
SECTION 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Wash clothing before reuse.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from acids.
SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes:
Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.
SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: white
Odor: almond-like
pH: 11 (0.1N)
Vapor Pressure: 0 mm Hg
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 1173 deg F
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Solubility in water: Soluble in water
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.52
Molecular Formula: KCN
Molecular Weight: 65.105
SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, moisture, acids, excess heat.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Violent reactions can occur with oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, nitrates, and peroxides. Contact with acids liberates extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. Hydrogen cyanide may form by a reaction with carbon dioxide and moisture when this material is in prolonged contact with air in a closed system.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.
SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RTECS#: CAS# 151-50-8: TS8750000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 151-50-8: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 8500 ug/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 5 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 5 mg/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
POTASSIUM CYANIDE - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Other For more information, see "HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EXPOSURE DATA."
SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.
SECTION 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION IATA
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1680
Packing Group: I IMO
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE, SOLID
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1680
Packing Group: I RID/ADR
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE
Dangerous Goods Code: 6.1(41A)
UN Number: 1680
SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T+
Risk Phrases:
R 26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.
Safety Phrases:
S 1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. S 7 Keep container tightly closed. S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28B After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water and soap. S 29 Do not empty into drains. S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 151-50-8: 3 United Kingdom Occupational Exposure Limits CAS# 151-50-8: OES-United Kingdom, TWA (listed as undefined ): as CN: 5 mg/m3 TWA; (does not include hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen or cyanogen chl Canada CAS# 151-50-8 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 151-50-8 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. Exposure Limits CAS# 151-50-8: OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGI TLV US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 151-50-8 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MSDS Creation Date: 9/02/1997 Revision #3 Date: 8/02/2000 The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no way shall the company be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A
氰化钾 分子结构与计算化学数据
分子结构数据
1、摩尔折射率：无可用的
2、摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：无可用的
3、等张比容（90.2K）：无可用的
4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：无可用的
5、介电常数：无可用的
6、极化率（10-24cm3）：无可用的
7、单一同位素质量：64.966781 Da
8、标称质量：65 Da
9、平均质量：65.1157 Da
计算化学数据
1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无
2.氢键供体数量:0
3.氢键受体数量:2
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积23.8
7.重原子数量:3
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:12.8
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:2
